वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-12, verse-27

तामेव वेलां वक्तव्यं त्वया राघव तत्त्वतः ।
वालिनं न निहन्मीति ततो नाहमितो व्रजे ॥२७॥

27. tāmeva velāṃ vaktavyaṃ tvayā rāghava tattvataḥ ,
vālinaṃ na nihanmīti tato nāhamito vraje.

27. tām eva velām vaktavyam tvayā rāghava tattvataḥ
vālinam na nihanmi iti tataḥ na aham itaḥ vraje

27. rāghava tvayā tām eva velām tattvataḥ "vālinam na
nihanmi" iti vaktavyam (āsīt); tataḥ aham itaḥ na vraje

27. O Rāghava (Rāma), at that very time, you should have truly said, 'I will not kill Vāli'; then I (Sugrīva) would not have gone from here.

Words meanings summery:

• ताम् (tām) - that (referring to 'velā' - time) (that (feminine accusative singular))

• एव (eva) - very (emphatic particle) (indeed, only, just)

• वेलाम् (velām) - at that time, occasion (time, occasion (accusative))

• वक्तव्यम् (vaktavyam) - ought to have been said (ought to be said, what should be said)

• त्वया (tvayā) - by you

• राघव (rāghava) - O Rāma (O Rāghava)

• तत्त्वतः (tattvataḥ) - truly, in reality (truly, in reality, essentially)

• वालिनम् (vālinam) - Vāli (Sugrīva's brother, the monkey king) (Vāli (accusative))

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• निहन्मि (nihanmi) - I will kill (or present for future) (I kill, I strike down)

• इति (iti) - thus (concluding direct speech) (thus, in this manner (marks direct speech))

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (in that case) (then, from there, therefore)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• अहम् (aham) - I (Sugrīva) (I)

• इतः (itaḥ) - from here (this place) (from here, hence)

• व्रजे (vraje) - I would go (I would go, I should go)

Words meanings and morphology

ताम् (tām) - that (referring to 'velā' - time) (that (feminine accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

एव (eva) - very (emphatic particle) (indeed, only, just)

(indeclinable)

An emphatic particle.

वेलाम् (velām) - at that time, occasion (time, occasion (accusative))

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of velā

velā - time, occasion, boundary, shore

वक्तव्यम् (vaktavyam) - ought to have been said (ought to be said, what should be said)

(participle)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vac

vac - to speak, to say

Gerundive (Passive Future Participle)

Root √vac (to speak), forming gerundive with -tavya suffix. Neuter nominative singular, refers to the 'speech'. Used impersonally, "it ought to have been said".

Root: vac (class 2)

त्वया (tvayā) - by you

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yusmad

yusmad - you

2nd person pronoun.

राघव (rāghava) - O Rāma (O Rāghava)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rāghava

rāghava - descendant of Raghu; Rāma

Vocative singular masculine of rāghava.

तत्त्वतः (tattvataḥ) - truly, in reality (truly, in reality, essentially)

(indeclinable)

Adverb formed from tattva (truth, reality) with suffix -tas.

वालिनम् (vālinam) - Vāli (Sugrīva's brother, the monkey king) (Vāli (accusative))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vālin

vālin - Vāli (name of the monkey king, brother of Sugrīva)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

निहन्मि (nihanmi) - I will kill (or present for future) (I kill, I strike down)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of han

Present active, 1st person singular, with prefix ni.

Root √han (2nd class, adādi), parasmaipada. Present (laṭ), 1st singular active. With prefix ni (down, completely). Used by Rāma in indirect speech, meaning "I will not kill".

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

इति (iti) - thus (concluding direct speech) (thus, in this manner (marks direct speech))

(indeclinable)

Particle used to mark direct speech or thoughts.

ततः (tataḥ) - then (in that case) (then, from there, therefore)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial particle, derived from tad.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

अहम् (aham) - I (Sugrīva) (I)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I

1st person pronoun.

इतः (itaḥ) - from here (this place) (from here, hence)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial particle, derived from idam.

व्रजे (vraje) - I would go (I would go, I should go)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of vraj

Optative, 1st person singular.

Root √vraj (1st class, bhvādi), parasmaipada. Optative (liṅ), 1st singular active. Expresses a wish or a hypothetical condition.

Root: vraj (class 1)