वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-12, verse-20

यन्नावगच्छत् सुग्रीवं वालिनं वापि राघवः ।
ततो न कृतवान्बुद्धिं मोक्तुमन्तकरं शरम् ॥२०॥

20. yannāvagacchat sugrīvaṃ vālinaṃ vāpi rāghavaḥ ,
tato na kṛtavānbuddhiṃ moktumantakaraṃ śaram.

20. yat na avagacchat sugrīvam vālinam vā api rāghavaḥ
| tataḥ na kṛtavān buddhim moktum antakaram śaram

20. rāghavaḥ yat sugrīvam vā vālinam api na avagacchat
tataḥ antakaram śaram moktum buddhim na kṛtavān

20. Because Rama (rāghavaḥ) did not recognize Sugriva or even Vali, he therefore did not resolve to release the death-dealing arrow.

Words meanings summery:

• यत् (yat) - because (which, because, that)

• न (na) - not

• अवगच्छत् (avagacchat) - recognized (recognized, understood, knew)

• सुग्रीवम् (sugrīvam) - Sugriva

• वालिनम् (vālinam) - Vali

• वा (vā) - or

• अपि (api) - even (emphasizing the 'or') (even, also, too)

• राघवः (rāghavaḥ) - Rama (Rama, descendant of Raghu)

• ततः (tataḥ) - therefore (then, thence, therefore)

• न (na) - not

• कृतवान् (kṛtavān) - he made (a resolution) (he made, he did)

• बुद्धिम् (buddhim) - resolution (intellect, understanding, resolution)

• मोक्तुम् (moktum) - to release (to release, to free)

• अन्तकरम् (antakaram) - death-dealing (causing an end, death-dealing)

• शरम् (śaram) - arrow

Words meanings and morphology

यत् (yat) - because (which, because, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that

Note: Used here as a conjunction 'because'.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

अवगच्छत् (avagacchat) - recognized (recognized, understood, knew)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of avagacchat

3rd singular Imperfect

Root gam (to go) with prefix ava. Here, it's the 3rd person singular imperfect form.

Prefix: ava

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: From root gam preceded by ava.

सुग्रीवम् (sugrīvam) - Sugriva

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sugrīva

sugrīva - Sugriva (name of a monkey king)

वालिनम् (vālinam) - Vali

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vālin

vālin - Vali (name of a monkey king)

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - even (emphasizing the 'or') (even, also, too)

(indeclinable)

राघवः (rāghavaḥ) - Rama (Rama, descendant of Raghu)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāghava

rāghava - descendant of Raghu, Rama

Derived from Raghu.

ततः (tataḥ) - therefore (then, thence, therefore)

(indeclinable)

From tad (that).

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

कृतवान् (kṛtavān) - he made (a resolution) (he made, he did)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛtavat

kṛ - to do, to make

Past Active Participle

Formed with suffix -tavat from root kṛ.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

बुद्धिम् (buddhim) - resolution (intellect, understanding, resolution)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of buddhi

buddhi - intellect, understanding, knowledge, resolution

From root budh (to know, perceive).

Root: budh (class 1)

मोक्तुम् (moktum) - to release (to release, to free)

(infinitive)

अन्तकरम् (antakaram) - death-dealing (causing an end, death-dealing)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of antakara

antakara - end-maker, death-dealer

Compound of anta (end) and kara (maker, doer).

Compound type : tatpurusha (anta+kara)

• anta – end, limit, death
  noun (masculine)
• kara – maker, doer, causing
  noun (masculine)
  From root kṛ (to do, make).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

शरम् (śaram) - arrow

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śara

śara - arrow, reed

Root: śṛ (class 9)