वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-12, verse-23

तं प्रविष्टं वनं दृष्ट्वा वाली शापभयात्ततः ।
मुक्तो ह्यसि त्वमित्युक्त्वा स निवृत्तो महाबलः ॥२३॥

23. taṃ praviṣṭaṃ vanaṃ dṛṣṭvā vālī śāpabhayāttataḥ ,
mukto hyasi tvamityuktvā sa nivṛtto mahābalaḥ.

23. tam praviṣṭam vanam dṛṣṭvā vālī śāpabhayāt tataḥ |
muktaḥ hi asi tvam iti uktvā saḥ nivṛttaḥ mahābalaḥ

23. vālī tam vanam praviṣṭam dṛṣṭvā,
tatas śāpabhayāt "tvam hi muktaḥ asi" iti uktvā,
saḥ mahābalaḥ nivṛttaḥ (abhūti)

23. Seeing him entered into the forest, Vali, then due to the fear of a curse, saying "Indeed, you are now free," that powerful one returned.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him (Sugriva) (him, that)

• प्रविष्टम् (praviṣṭam) - entered (entered, having entered)

• वनम् (vanam) - forest

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - seeing (having seen)

• वाली (vālī) - Vali

• शापभयात् (śāpabhayāt) - due to the fear of a curse (from fear of a curse)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, therefore)

• मुक्तः (muktaḥ) - free (freed, liberated)

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, because)

• असि (asi) - you are

• त्वम् (tvam) - you (Sugriva) (you)

• इति (iti) - (marks the end of the quote) (thus, so (quotation marker))

• उक्त्वा (uktvā) - saying (having said)

• सः (saḥ) - that (Vali) (he, that)

• निवृत्तः (nivṛttaḥ) - returned (returned, turned back)

• महाबलः (mahābalaḥ) - powerful one (very strong, mighty)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him (Sugriva) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it

प्रविष्टम् (praviṣṭam) - entered (entered, having entered)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of praviṣṭa

viś - to enter

Past Passive Participle

From root viś (to enter) with prefix pra.

Prefix: pra

Root: viś (class 6)

वनम् (vanam) - forest

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - seeing (having seen)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Formed with suffix -ktvā from root dṛś.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

वाली (vālī) - Vali

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vālin

vālin - Vali (name of a monkey king)

शापभयात् (śāpabhayāt) - due to the fear of a curse (from fear of a curse)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of śāpabhaya

śāpabhaya - fear of a curse

Tatpurusha compound.

Compound type : tatpurusha (śāpa+bhaya)

• śāpa – curse, imprecation
  noun (masculine)
• bhaya – fear, dread
  noun (neuter)

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, therefore)

(indeclinable)

From tad (that).

मुक्तः (muktaḥ) - free (freed, liberated)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mukta

muc - to release, to free

Past Passive Participle

From root muc (to release).

Root: muc (class 6)

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, because)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

असि (asi) - you are

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

2nd singular present

From root as (to be).

Root: as (class 2)

त्वम् (tvam) - you (Sugriva) (you)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of tvad

tvad - you

2nd person pronoun.

इति (iti) - (marks the end of the quote) (thus, so (quotation marker))

(indeclinable)

Particle marking quotation or conclusion.

उक्त्वा (uktvā) - saying (having said)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

From root vac (to speak), irregular form with u vowel.

Root: vac (class 2)

सः (saḥ) - that (Vali) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it

Demonstrative pronoun, nominative singular masculine form.

निवृत्तः (nivṛttaḥ) - returned (returned, turned back)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nivṛtta

vṛt - to turn, to be

Past Passive Participle

From root vṛt (to turn) with prefix ni.

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

महाबलः (mahābalaḥ) - powerful one (very strong, mighty)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahābala

mahābala - very strong, mighty, having great strength

Bahuvrihi compound of mahā (great) and bala (strength).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+bala)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective (feminine)
• bala – strength, power, force
  noun (neuter)