वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-12, verse-25

तं समीक्ष्यागतं रामं सुग्रीवः सहलक्ष्मणम् ।
ह्रीमान्दीनमुवाचेदं वसुधामवलोकयन् ॥२५॥

25. taṃ samīkṣyāgataṃ rāmaṃ sugrīvaḥ sahalakṣmaṇam ,
hrīmāndīnamuvācedaṃ vasudhāmavalokayan.

25. tam samīkṣya āgatam rāmam sugrīvaḥ sahalakṣmaṇam
hrīmān dīnam uvāca idam vasudhām avalokayan

25. sugrīvaḥ tam sahalakṣmaṇam āgatam rāmam samīkṣya
hrīmān dīnam vasudhām avalokayan idam uvāca

25. Sugrīva, having seen Rāma arrive with Lakṣmaṇa, looked down at the earth and, feeling ashamed and dejected, spoke this.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him (Rāma) (him, that (masculine accusative singular))

• समीक्ष्य (samīkṣya) - having seen (having seen, after seeing)

• आगतम् (āgatam) - who had arrived (arrived, come, having come)

• रामम् (rāmam) - Rāma (Rāma (accusative))

• सुग्रीवः (sugrīvaḥ) - Sugrīva, the monkey king (Sugrīva (name of a monkey king))

• सहलक्स्मणम् (sahalaksmaṇam) - accompanied by Lakṣmaṇa (with Lakṣmaṇa)

• ह्रीमान् (hrīmān) - feeling ashamed (ashamed, modest, shy)

• दीनम् (dīnam) - in a dejected manner (sad, dejected, miserable; pitiably)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he spoke (he said, he spoke)

• इदम् (idam) - this (speech/words) (this, this one)

• वसुधाम् (vasudhām) - the earth (the earth, ground (accusative))

• अवलोकयन् (avalokayan) - looking down (at the earth) (looking down, observing)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him (Rāma) (him, that (masculine accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

समीक्ष्य (samīkṣya) - having seen (having seen, after seeing)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund, with prefix sam.

Root √īkṣ (1st class, ātmanepada, "to see"), with prefix sam. Absolutive/Gerund ending -ya after prefixes.

Prefix: sam

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

आगतम् (āgatam) - who had arrived (arrived, come, having come)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āgata

āgata - arrived, come, attained

Past Passive Participle

Root √gam (to go), with prefix ā, forming P.P.P. Used here adjectivally to describe Rāma.

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

रामम् (rāmam) - Rāma (Rāma (accusative))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rāma (name of a king, hero of the Rāmāyaṇa); pleasing, black

सुग्रीवः (sugrīvaḥ) - Sugrīva, the monkey king (Sugrīva (name of a monkey king))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sugrīva

sugrīva - Sugrīva (lit. 'beautiful neck'), name of the monkey king, brother of Vāli.

Compound: su (good) + grīva (neck).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+grīva)

• su – good, well, beautiful
  indeclinable
• grīva – neck
  noun (masculine)

सहलक्स्मणम् (sahalaksmaṇam) - accompanied by Lakṣmaṇa (with Lakṣmaṇa)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sahalaksmaṇa

sahalaksmaṇa - accompanied by Lakṣmaṇa

Bahuvrīhi compound: saha (with) + lakṣmaṇa (Lakṣmaṇa). Describes Rāma.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (saha+lakṣmaṇa)

• saha – with, together with
  indeclinable
• lakṣmaṇa – Lakṣmaṇa (Rāma's brother)
  proper noun (masculine)

ह्रीमान् (hrīmān) - feeling ashamed (ashamed, modest, shy)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hrīmat

hrīmat - ashamed, modest, shy, bashful

Possessive suffix -mat added to hrī (shame). Masculine nominative singular, describing Sugrīva.

दीनम् (dīnam) - in a dejected manner (sad, dejected, miserable; pitiably)

(indeclinable)

P.P.P. from √dī (to be sorrowful). Used adverbially or as adjective for 'idam'.

Root: dī

उवाच (uvāca) - he spoke (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect active, 3rd person singular.

Root √vac (2nd class, adādi), parasmaipada. Perfect (liṭ), 3rd singular active.

Root: vac (class 2)

इदम् (idam) - this (speech/words) (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Demonstrative pronoun.

वसुधाम् (vasudhām) - the earth (the earth, ground (accusative))

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vasudhā

vasudhā - the earth (lit. 'treasure-bearing')

Compound: vasu (wealth) + dhā (bearing).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vasu+dhā)

• vasu – wealth, treasure, good
  noun (neuter)
• dhā – bearing, holding
  noun (feminine)

अवलोकयन् (avalokayan) - looking down (at the earth) (looking down, observing)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avalokayat

lok - to see, to perceive

Present Active Participle

Root √lok (10th class, curādi, "to see"), with prefix ava. Present Active Participle, masculine nominative singular. Describes Sugrīva.

Prefix: ava

Root: lok (class 10)