वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-12, verse-15

सुग्रीवो व्यनदद्घोरं वालिनो ह्वानकारणात् ।
गाढं परिहितो वेगान्नादैर्भिन्दन्निवाम्बरम् ॥१५॥

15. sugrīvo vyanadadghoraṃ vālino hvānakāraṇāt ,
gāḍhaṃ parihito vegānnādairbhindannivāmbaram.

15. sugrīvaḥ vi anadat ghoram vālinaḥ hvānakāraṇāt
gāḍham parihitaḥ vegāt nādaiḥ bhindan iva ambaram

15. sugrīvaḥ vālinaḥ hvānakāraṇāt ghoram vi anadat
gāḍham parihitaḥ vegāt nādaiḥ ambaram bhindan iva

15. Sugrīva let out a terrible roar, intending to challenge Vālin. Firmly prepared, he burst forth with impetuous energy, with roars as if tearing the very sky.

Words meanings summery:

• सुग्रीवः (sugrīvaḥ) - Sugrīva

• वि (vi) - apart, asunder, denoting separation or distribution

• अनदत् (anadat) - he roared, he made a noise

• घोरम् (ghoram) - terribly, fiercely

• वालिनः (vālinaḥ) - of Vālin

• ह्वानकारणात् (hvānakāraṇāt) - on account of summoning, for the purpose of challenging

• गाढम् (gāḍham) - firmly, tightly, thoroughly

• परिहितः (parihitaḥ) - prepared for battle (clad, arrayed, prepared)

• वेगात् (vegāt) - from speed, with impetuosity, due to force

• नादैः (nādaiḥ) - with roars, by sounds

• भिन्दन् (bhindan) - tearing, splitting

• इव (iva) - as if, like, similar to

• अम्बरम् (ambaram) - the sky, atmosphere

Words meanings and morphology

सुग्रीवः (sugrīvaḥ) - Sugrīva

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sugrīva

sugrīva - Sugrīva (a proper name)

Note: Subject of the verb 'anadat'.

वि (vi) - apart, asunder, denoting separation or distribution

(indeclinable)

A preverb (upasarga)

Note: Functions as a verbal prefix for 'anadat'.

अनदत् (anadat) - he roared, he made a noise

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of nad

imperfect

From root nad (class 1), 3rd person singular, active voice.

Root: nad (class 1)

घोरम् (ghoram) - terribly, fiercely

(indeclinable)

Root: ghur (class 1)

Note: Modifies the verb 'anadat'.

वालिनः (vālinaḥ) - of Vālin

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vālin

vālin - Vālin (name of a monkey king)

Note: Connected to 'hvānakāraṇāt'.

ह्वानकारणात् (hvānakāraṇāt) - on account of summoning, for the purpose of challenging

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of hvānakāraṇa

hvānakāraṇa - cause of calling, reason for challenge

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (hvāna+kāraṇa)

• hvāna – calling, summoning, challenge
  noun (neuter)
  verbal noun
  From root hvā
  Root: hvā (class 1)
• kāraṇa – cause, reason
  noun (neuter)
  From root kṛ (to do)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Indicates the reason for Sugrīva's roar.

गाढम् (gāḍham) - firmly, tightly, thoroughly

(indeclinable)

past passive participle

From root gah (class 1)

Root: gah (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'parihitaḥ'.

परिहितः (parihitaḥ) - prepared for battle (clad, arrayed, prepared)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parihita

parihita - put on, worn, clad

past passive participle

From root dhā (class 3) with upasarga pari

Prefix: pari

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Refers to Sugrīva.

वेगात् (vegāt) - from speed, with impetuosity, due to force

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of vega

vega - speed, force, impetuosity

From root vij (to move quickly)

Root: vij (class 6)

Note: Indicates the cause or manner of action.

नादैः (nādaiḥ) - with roars, by sounds

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of nāda

nāda - roar, sound, cry

From root nad (class 1)

Root: nad (class 1)

Note: Means by which the sky is torn.

भिन्दन् (bhindan) - tearing, splitting

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhindat

bhid - to break, to split, to tear

present active participle

From root bhid (class 7), masculine singular nominative form 'bhindan'.

Root: bhid (class 7)

Note: In agreement with the implicit subject Sugrīva.

इव (iva) - as if, like, similar to

(indeclinable)

Particle of comparison

अम्बरम् (ambaram) - the sky, atmosphere

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ambara

ambara - sky, atmosphere, garment

Root: amb (class 1)

Note: Object of 'bhindan'.