वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-45, verse-17

स भ्राता लक्ष्मणो नाम धर्मचारी दृढव्रतः ।
अन्वगच्छद्धनुष्पाणिः प्रव्रजन्तं मया सह ॥१७॥

17. sa bhrātā lakṣmaṇo nāma dharmacārī dṛḍhavrataḥ ,
anvagacchaddhanuṣpāṇiḥ pravrajantaṃ mayā saha.

17. sa bhrātā lakṣmaṇaḥ nāma dharmacārī dṛḍhavrataḥ
anvagacchat dhanuṣpāṇiḥ pravrajantam mayā saha

17. sa bhrātā nāma lakṣmaṇaḥ dharmacārī dṛḍhavrataḥ
dhanuṣpāṇiḥ mayā saha pravrajantam anvagacchat

17. That brother, named Lakshmana, who observes the natural law (dharma) and is resolute in his vows, followed me, bow in hand, as I went into exile.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - that (referring to Lakshmana mentioned earlier) (that, he)

• भ्राता (bhrātā) - brother

• लक्ष्मणः (lakṣmaṇaḥ) - Lakshmana (Lakshmana (proper name))

• नाम (nāma) - by name (by name, named, indeed)

• धर्मचारी (dharmacārī) - practicing natural law (dharma) (practicing dharma, righteous, virtuous)

• दृढव्रतः (dṛḍhavrataḥ) - firm in his vows (firm in vows, resolute, steadfast in observance)

• अन्वगच्छत् (anvagacchat) - followed (he followed, went after)

• धनुष्पाणिः (dhanuṣpāṇiḥ) - bow in hand (bow in hand, armed with a bow)

• प्रव्रजन्तम् (pravrajantam) - going into exile (going forth, going into exile, wandering)

• मया (mayā) - with me (by me, with me)

• सह (saha) - with (with, along with)

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - that (referring to Lakshmana mentioned earlier) (that, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun. Masculine nominative singular.

भ्राता (bhrātā) - brother

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

Agent noun from root bhṛ (to bear, carry). 'r'-stem noun.

Root: bhṛ (class 3)

लक्ष्मणः (lakṣmaṇaḥ) - Lakshmana (Lakshmana (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of lakṣmaṇa

lakṣmaṇa - Lakshmana (brother of Rama)

नाम (nāma) - by name (by name, named, indeed)

(indeclinable)

Used as an adverb here. When indeclinable, it means 'by name' or 'indeed'.

धर्मचारी (dharmacārī) - practicing natural law (dharma) (practicing dharma, righteous, virtuous)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmacārin

dharmacārin - one who practices dharma, righteous, virtuous

Compound of 'dharma' (duty, law) and 'cārin' (practicing, behaving, moving). Masculine nominative singular.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+cārin)

• dharma – constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty (dharma)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• cārin – moving, going; practicing, behaving, following
  adjective (masculine)
  From root car (to move, to practice) with suffix '-in'.
  Root: car (class 1)

Note: Agreeing with Lakshmana.

दृढव्रतः (dṛḍhavrataḥ) - firm in his vows (firm in vows, resolute, steadfast in observance)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dṛḍhavrata

dṛḍhavrata - firm in vows, resolute, steadfast in observance

Compound of 'dṛḍha' (firm, strong) and 'vrata' (vow, observance). Masculine nominative singular.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dṛḍha+vrata)

• dṛḍha – firm, strong, solid, resolute
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root dṛh (to be firm, strengthen).
  Root: dṛh (class 1)
• vrata – vow, sacred observance, religious practice
  noun (neuter)
  Root: vṛ (class 9)

Note: Agreeing with Lakshmana.

अन्वगच्छत् (anvagacchat) - followed (he followed, went after)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of anugam

Imperfect Active

From root gam (to go) with prefix anu; 3rd person singular, active voice, imperfect tense.

Prefix: anu

Root: gam (class 1)

धनुष्पाणिः (dhanuṣpāṇiḥ) - bow in hand (bow in hand, armed with a bow)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhanuṣpāṇi

dhanuṣpāṇi - one who has a bow in hand, armed with a bow

Compound of 'dhanuṣ' (bow) and 'pāṇi' (hand). Masculine nominative singular.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dhanus+pāṇi)

• dhanus – bow
  noun (neuter)
• pāṇi – hand
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agreeing with Lakshmana.

प्रव्रजन्तम् (pravrajantam) - going into exile (going forth, going into exile, wandering)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pravrajat

pravrajat - going forth, departing, wandering, going into exile

Present Active Participle

From root vraj (to go) with prefix pra. Accusative singular masculine.

Prefix: pra

Root: vraj (class 1)

मया (mayā) - with me (by me, with me)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of aham

aham - I

1st person singular pronoun. 'mayā' is instrumental case.

सह (saha) - with (with, along with)

(indeclinable)

Preposition, takes instrumental case.

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