वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-45, verse-20

स त्वं नाम च गोत्रं च कुलमाचक्ष्व तत्त्वतः ।
एकश्च दण्डकारण्ये किमर्थं चरसि द्विज ॥२०॥

20. sa tvaṃ nāma ca gotraṃ ca kulamācakṣva tattvataḥ ,
ekaśca daṇḍakāraṇye kimarthaṃ carasi dvija.

20. sa tvam nāma ca gotram ca kulam ācakṣva tattvataḥ
ekaḥ ca daṇḍakāraṇye kimartham carasi dvija

20. sa tvam nāma ca gotram ca kulam tattvataḥ ācakṣva
dvija ekaḥ ca kimartham daṇḍakāraṇye carasi

20. Therefore, you, tell me your name, family (gotra), and lineage truly. And why, O Brahmin, do you wander alone in the Daṇḍaka forest?

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - therefore (that, he, therefore)

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• नाम (nāma) - name

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• गोत्रम् (gotram) - family (lineage) (lineage, clan, family, race)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• कुलम् (kulam) - lineage (family) (family, race, tribe, community, lineage)

• आचक्ष्व (ācakṣva) - tell (tell, declare, relate, explain)

• तत्त्वतः (tattvataḥ) - truly (truly, in reality, in truth, essentially)

• एकः (ekaḥ) - alone (one, alone, solitary)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• दण्डकारण्ये (daṇḍakāraṇye) - in the Daṇḍaka forest

• किमर्थम् (kimartham) - why (for what purpose, why, wherefore)

• चरसि (carasi) - you wander (you wander, you move, you roam)

• द्विज (dvija) - O Brahmin (O Brahmin, O twice-born)

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - therefore (that, he, therefore)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun, masculine nominative singular. Often used as a correlative or particle for emphasis.

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of tvam

tvam - you (singular)

2nd person pronoun, nominative singular.

नाम (nāma) - name

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nāman

nāman - name, appellation, title

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

गोत्रम् (gotram) - family (lineage) (lineage, clan, family, race)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of gotra

gotra - family, lineage, clan, race, stock

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

कुलम् (kulam) - lineage (family) (family, race, tribe, community, lineage)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kula

kula - family, race, tribe, community, lineage

आचक्ष्व (ācakṣva) - tell (tell, declare, relate, explain)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of cakṣ

Imperative, Middle Voice (Ātmanepada)

Root cakṣ with prefix ā-. Imperative, 2nd person singular, Middle Voice (ātmanepada).

Prefix: ā

Root: cakṣ (class 2)

तत्त्वतः (tattvataḥ) - truly (truly, in reality, in truth, essentially)

(indeclinable)

Adverb formed from tattva (truth, reality) with suffix -tas.

एकः (ekaḥ) - alone (one, alone, solitary)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of eka

eka - one, single, alone, unique

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

दण्डकारण्ये (daṇḍakāraṇye) - in the Daṇḍaka forest

(proper noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of daṇḍakāraṇya

daṇḍakāraṇya - The Daṇḍaka forest (a specific forest mentioned in Rāmāyaṇa)

Compound of Daṇḍaka (name of a king/region) and āraṇya (forest).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (daṇḍaka+āraṇya)

• daṇḍaka – Daṇḍaka (name of a region/king)
  proper noun (masculine)
• āraṇya – forest, wilderness
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from araṇa (remote, wilderness) or ṛṇ (to move).

किमर्थम् (kimartham) - why (for what purpose, why, wherefore)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial compound of kim (what) and artha (purpose).

Compound type : tatpurusha (kim+artha)

• kim – what, which, why
  pronoun (neuter)
• artha – purpose, meaning, object, wealth
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ṛ (class 3)

चरसि (carasi) - you wander (you wander, you move, you roam)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of car

Present Tense, Active Voice (Parasmaipada)

Root car, Present Tense, 2nd person singular, Active Voice (parasmaipada).

Root: car (class 1)

द्विज (dvija) - O Brahmin (O Brahmin, O twice-born)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of dvija

dvija - twice-born (Brahmin, Kṣatriya, Vaiśya), bird, tooth, snake

Compound of dvi (two) and ja (born).

Compound type : tatpurusha (dvi+ja)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun
  Derived from root jan (to be born).
  Root: jan (class 4)

Previous Verse Next Verse