वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-45, verse-2

ब्राह्मणश्चातिथिश्चैष अनुक्तो हि शपेत माम् ।
इति ध्यात्वा मुहूर्तं तु सीता वचनमब्रवीत् ॥२॥

2. brāhmaṇaścātithiścaiṣa anukto hi śapeta mām ,
iti dhyātvā muhūrtaṃ tu sītā vacanamabravīt.

2. brāhmaṇaḥ ca atithiḥ ca eṣaḥ anuktaḥ hi śapeta
mām iti dhyātvā muhūrtam tu sītā vacanam abravīt

2. eṣaḥ brāhmaṇaḥ ca atithiḥ ca hi anuktaḥ mām śapeta
iti dhyātvā tu muhūrtam sītā vacanam abravīt

2. "This one (Ravana in disguise) is a Brahmin and also a guest. If he is not addressed, he might surely curse me." Having pondered thus for a moment, Sita then spoke these words.

Words meanings summery:

• ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - a Brahmin (Ravana in disguise) (a Brahmin, a member of the priestly class)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अतिथिः (atithiḥ) - a guest (Ravana in disguise) (guest, stranger)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this one (Ravana) (this, this one)

• अनुक्तः (anuktaḥ) - unaddressed, not spoken to (unaddressed, unspoken to, unsaid)

• हि (hi) - surely, certainly (indeed, surely, because)

• शपेत (śapeta) - he would curse (Sita) (he might curse, he would curse)

• माम् (mām) - me (Sita) (me (accusative of I))

• इति (iti) - indicating direct speech or thought (thus, so, in this manner)

• ध्यात्वा (dhyātvā) - having pondered (on the situation) (having thought, having meditated, having pondered)

• मुहूर्तम् (muhūrtam) - for a moment (for a moment, for a short time)

• तु (tu) - then, or as a conjunction for transition (but, indeed)

• सीता (sītā) - Sita, Janaka's daughter (Sita (proper name))

• वचनम् (vacanam) - these words (word, speech, saying)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - she (Sita) spoke (she spoke, he spoke, he said)

Words meanings and morphology

ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - a Brahmin (Ravana in disguise) (a Brahmin, a member of the priestly class)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a Brahmin, one belonging to the priestly class

Derived from brahman with suffix -aṇa.

Note: Refers to Ravana in his disguise.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

अतिथिः (atithiḥ) - a guest (Ravana in disguise) (guest, stranger)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of atithi

atithi - guest, stranger, visitor

Note: Refers to Ravana in his disguise.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this one (Ravana) (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to the person being described (Ravana in disguise).

अनुक्तः (anuktaḥ) - unaddressed, not spoken to (unaddressed, unspoken to, unsaid)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anukta

anukta - unsaid, unspoken, unaddressed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root vac (to speak) with negation prefix a-.

Compound type : negation tatpurusha (a+ukta)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative particle.
• ukta – spoken, said
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root vac (to speak).
  Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Qualifies eṣaḥ.

हि (hi) - surely, certainly (indeed, surely, because)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

शपेत (śapeta) - he would curse (Sita) (he might curse, he would curse)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of śap

Optative mood

Optative (vidhi-liṅ) 3rd person singular active of root śap.

Root: śap (class 1)

Note: The agent is eṣaḥ.

माम् (mām) - me (Sita) (me (accusative of I))

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of aham

aham - I, me

First person singular pronoun.

Note: Object of śapeta.

इति (iti) - indicating direct speech or thought (thus, so, in this manner)

(indeclinable)

Note: Marks the end of Sita's thought.

ध्यात्वा (dhyātvā) - having pondered (on the situation) (having thought, having meditated, having pondered)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root dhyāi (to meditate, to think) with suffix -tvā for absolutive.

Root: dhyāi (class 1)

Note: Action performed by Sita.

मुहूर्तम् (muhūrtam) - for a moment (for a moment, for a short time)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of muhūrta

muhūrta - a moment, a short time, a particular division of time

Note: Adverbial accusative, indicating duration.

तु (tu) - then, or as a conjunction for transition (but, indeed)

(indeclinable)

Note: Marks a slight transition.

सीता (sītā) - Sita, Janaka's daughter (Sita (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of sītā

sītā - Sita

Note: Subject of the verb abravīt.

वचनम् (vacanam) - these words (word, speech, saying)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - word, speech, saying

Derived from root vac (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of abravīt.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - she (Sita) spoke (she spoke, he spoke, he said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect tense

Imperfect tense (laṅ) 3rd person singular active of root brū.

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Agent is Sita.