वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-45, verse-45

तां वेपमानामुपलक्ष्य सीतां स रावणो मृत्युसमप्रभावः ।
कुलं बलं नाम च कर्म चात्मनः समाचचक्षे भयकारणार्थम् ॥४५॥

45. tāṃ vepamānāmupalakṣya sītāṃ sa rāvaṇo mṛtyusamaprabhāvaḥ ,
kulaṃ balaṃ nāma ca karma cātmanaḥ samācacakṣe bhayakāraṇārtham.

45. tām vepamānām upalakṣya sītām sa
rāvaṇaḥ mṛtyusamaprabhāvaḥ
kulam balam nāma ca karma ca ātmanaḥ
samācacakṣe bhayakāraṇārtham

45. mṛtyusamaprabhāvaḥ sa rāvaṇaḥ
tām vepamānām sītām upalakṣya
kulam balam nāma ca ātmanaḥ karma
ca bhayakāraṇārtham samācacakṣe

45. That Rāvaṇa, whose power was like that of death, observing Sītā trembling, then described his lineage, strength, name, and his own deeds (karma) to her, for the purpose of instilling fear.

Words meanings summery:

• ताम् (tām) - her (Sita) (her, that (feminine))

• वेपमानाम् (vepamānām) - trembling (trembling, shaking (feminine))

• उपलक्ष्य (upalakṣya) - having observed (having observed, having perceived)

• सीताम् (sītām) - Sita

• स (sa) - that (Ravana) (he, that (masculine))

• रावणः (rāvaṇaḥ) - Ravana (Ravana (proper name))

• मृत्युसमप्रभावः (mṛtyusamaprabhāvaḥ) - whose power is like that of death (whose power is equal to death)

• कुलम् (kulam) - lineage (family, lineage, race)

• बलम् (balam) - strength (strength, power, might)

• नाम (nāma) - name

• च (ca) - and

• कर्म (karma) - deeds (karma) (action, deed, work, ritual action)

• च (ca) - and

• आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - his own (of oneself, of the self, one's own)

• समाचचक्स्̣ए (samācacakṣe) - he described (he described, he narrated, he explained)

• भयकारणार्थम् (bhayakāraṇārtham) - for the purpose of instilling fear (for the purpose of causing fear, for the sake of fear)

Words meanings and morphology

ताम् (tām) - her (Sita) (her, that (feminine))

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, him, her, it

Note: Refers to Sita.

वेपमानाम् (vepamānām) - trembling (trembling, shaking (feminine))

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vepamāna

vepamāna - trembling, shaking

Present Middle Participle

Derived from root vep (to tremble) with present participle suffix -māna. Feminine accusative singular.

Root: vep (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Sita.

उपलक्ष्य (upalakṣya) - having observed (having observed, having perceived)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root lakṣ (to perceive, observe) with upasarga upa- and suffix -ya.

Prefix: upa

Root: lakṣ (class 10)

Note: Denotes prior action.

सीताम् (sītām) - Sita

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of sītā

sītā - Sita (wife of Rama, daughter of Janaka)

Note: Object of 'upalakṣya'.

स (sa) - that (Ravana) (he, that (masculine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, him, her, it

Note: Agrees with 'rāvaṇaḥ'.

रावणः (rāvaṇaḥ) - Ravana (Ravana (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāvaṇa

rāvaṇa - Ravana (the demon king of Lanka)

Root: ru (class 2)

Note: Subject of 'samācacakṣe'.

मृत्युसमप्रभावः (mṛtyusamaprabhāvaḥ) - whose power is like that of death (whose power is equal to death)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mṛtyusamaprabhāva

mṛtyusamaprabhāva - one whose might is equal to death

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mṛtyu+sama+prabhāva)

• mṛtyu – death
  noun (masculine)
  Root: mṛ (class 6)
• sama – equal, similar
  adjective (masculine)
• prabhāva – power, might, influence
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Ravana.

कुलम् (kulam) - lineage (family, lineage, race)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kula

kula - family, lineage, race, house

Note: Object of 'samācacakṣe'.

बलम् (balam) - strength (strength, power, might)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bala

bala - strength, power, force, might

Root: bal (class 1)

Note: Object of 'samācacakṣe'.

नाम (nāma) - name

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nāman

nāman - name, appellation, noun

Note: Object of 'samācacakṣe'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

कर्म (karma) - deeds (karma) (action, deed, work, ritual action)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of karman

karman - action, deed, work, ritual, fate resulting from action

Derived from root kṛ (to do, make).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Object of 'samācacakṣe'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - his own (of oneself, of the self, one's own)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence, oneself

Root: an (class 2)

Note: Possessive, referring to Ravana.

समाचचक्स्̣ए (samācacakṣe) - he described (he described, he narrated, he explained)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (liṭ) of samācakṣ

perfect tense

Perfect tense form of root cakṣ (to speak, tell) with upasargas sam- and ā-. 3rd person singular, ātmanepada.

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: cakṣ (class 2)

Note: Subject is Ravana.

भयकारणार्थम् (bhayakāraṇārtham) - for the purpose of instilling fear (for the purpose of causing fear, for the sake of fear)

(indeclinable)

Compound ending in -artham indicating purpose.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhaya+kāraṇa+artha)

• bhaya – fear, dread
  noun (neuter)
  Root: bhī (class 3)
• kāraṇa – cause, reason, instrument
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root kṛ (to do) with suffix -ana.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, object
  noun (masculine)

Note: Adverbial expression.

Previous Verse