वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-45, verse-15

दद्यान्न प्रतिगृह्णीयात् सत्यब्रूयान्न चानृतम् ।
एतद्ब्राह्मण रामस्य व्रतं ध्रुवमनुत्तमम् ॥१५॥

15. dadyānna pratigṛhṇīyāt satyabrūyānna cānṛtam ,
etadbrāhmaṇa rāmasya vrataṃ dhruvamanuttamam.

15. dadyāt na pratigṛhṇīyāt satyam brūyāt na ca anṛtam
etat brāhmaṇa rāmasya vratam dhruvam anuttamam

15. brāhmaṇa etat rāmasya dhruvam anuttamam vratam
dadyāt na pratigṛhṇīyāt satyam brūyāt ca na anṛtam

15. O Brahmin, this is Rama's constant and supreme vow: he should give, but never take; he should always speak the truth, and never falsehood.

Words meanings summery:

• दद्यात् (dadyāt) - Rama should give (should give, one should give)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• प्रतिगृह्णीयात् (pratigṛhṇīyāt) - Rama should not receive (should receive, one should take back)

• सत्यम् (satyam) - truth (truth, reality)

• ब्रूयात् (brūyāt) - Rama should speak (should speak, one should say)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अनृतम् (anṛtam) - falsehood (untruth, falsehood, lie)

• एतत् (etat) - this (vow) (this)

• ब्राह्मण (brāhmaṇa) - O Brahmin (vocative) (O Brahmin)

• रामस्य (rāmasya) - of Rama

• व्रतम् (vratam) - vow (vow, sacred observance, religious practice)

• ध्रुवम् (dhruvam) - firm, constant (firm, constant, fixed, eternal)

• अनुत्तमम् (anuttamam) - unsurpassed, supreme (unsurpassed, excellent, supreme)

Words meanings and morphology

दद्यात् (dadyāt) - Rama should give (should give, one should give)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of dā

Optative Active

From root dā (to give), 3rd person singular, active voice, optative mood.

Root: dā (class 3)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

प्रतिगृह्णीयात् (pratigṛhṇīyāt) - Rama should not receive (should receive, one should take back)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of pratigrah

Optative Active

From root grah (to seize, take) with prefix prati; 3rd person singular, active voice, optative mood.

Prefix: prati

Root: grah (class 9)

सत्यम् (satyam) - truth (truth, reality)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of satya

satya - true, real; truth, reality

Derived from 'sat' (being) + 'ya' suffix. Can also be an adjective.

ब्रूयात् (brūyāt) - Rama should speak (should speak, one should say)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of brū

Optative Active

From root brū (to speak); 3rd person singular, active voice, optative mood.

Root: brū (class 2)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

अनृतम् (anṛtam) - falsehood (untruth, falsehood, lie)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anṛta

anṛta - untruth, falsehood, lie; false, untrue

Formed with negative prefix 'a-' + 'ṛta' (truth, cosmic order). Can also be an adjective.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+ṛta)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• ṛta – truth, cosmic order, righteousness
  noun (neuter)

एतत् (etat) - this (vow) (this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Demonstrative pronoun.

ब्राह्मण (brāhmaṇa) - O Brahmin (vocative) (O Brahmin)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a Brahmin, related to Brahma/Vedas

From 'brahman' (sacred knowledge, ultimate reality) + 'aṇ' suffix. Refers to a member of the priestly class.

रामस्य (rāmasya) - of Rama

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (a proper name, hero of the Ramayana)

Root: ram (class 1)

व्रतम् (vratam) - vow (vow, sacred observance, religious practice)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vrata

vrata - vow, sacred observance, religious practice, rule

From root vṛ (to choose, to cover). Often refers to a self-imposed discipline.

Root: vṛ (class 9)

Note: Agreeing with 'etat'.

ध्रुवम् (dhruvam) - firm, constant (firm, constant, fixed, eternal)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dhruva

dhruva - firm, constant, fixed, certain, eternal

From root dhru (to be firm).

Root: dhru (class 1)

अनुत्तमम् (anuttamam) - unsurpassed, supreme (unsurpassed, excellent, supreme)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of anuttama

anuttama - unsurpassed, excellent, supreme, highest

Formed with negative prefix 'an-' + 'uttama' (highest).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (an+uttama)

• an – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• uttama – highest, best, supreme, excellent
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative of praśasya (excellent).

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