वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-33, verse-38

स रावणः समागम्य विधिवत्तेन रक्षसा ।
ततः पश्चादिदं वाक्यमब्रवीद्वाक्यकोविदः ॥३८॥

38. sa rāvaṇaḥ samāgamya vidhivattena rakṣasā ,
tataḥ paścādidaṃ vākyamabravīdvākyakovidaḥ.

38. saḥ rāvaṇaḥ samāgamya vidhivat tena rakṣasā
tataḥ paścāt idam vākyam abravīt vākyakovidaḥ

38. saḥ rāvaṇaḥ vākyakovidaḥ tena rakṣasā vidhivat
samāgamya tataḥ paścāt idam vākyam abravīt

38. That Rāvaṇa, having met that demon (Mārīca) in due form, then, being an expert in speech, spoke these words.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - that (Rāvaṇa) (he, that)

• रावणः (rāvaṇaḥ) - Rāvaṇa

• समागम्य (samāgamya) - having met, having approached

• विधिवत् (vidhivat) - properly, according to rule, duly

• तेन (tena) - with that (demon) (with him, by that)

• रक्षसा (rakṣasā) - with the demon Mārīca (by the demon, with the demon)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, therefrom

• पश्चात् (paścāt) - afterwards, behind

• इदम् (idam) - these (words) (this)

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - speech, words, sentence

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

• वाक्यकोविदः (vākyakovidaḥ) - skilled in speech, expert in words

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - that (Rāvaṇa) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

रावणः (rāvaṇaḥ) - Rāvaṇa

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāvaṇa

rāvaṇa - Rāvaṇa (name of the demon king)

derived from root ru (to roar) + ṇac suffix

Root: ru (class 2)

समागम्य (samāgamya) - having met, having approached

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

prefix sam- + ā- + root gam (to go) + -ya suffix for absolutives (when preceded by upasargas)

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: gam (class 1)

विधिवत् (vidhivat) - properly, according to rule, duly

(indeclinable)

suffix -vat denoting 'in accordance with' or 'like'

तेन (tena) - with that (demon) (with him, by that)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Mārīca, the demon whom Rāvaṇa is meeting.

रक्षसा (rakṣasā) - with the demon Mārīca (by the demon, with the demon)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rakṣas

rakṣas - demon, evil spirit

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

Note: Refers to Mārīca.

ततः (tataḥ) - then, therefrom

(indeclinable)

indeclinable from tad

पश्चात् (paścāt) - afterwards, behind

(indeclinable)

indeclinable from paśca

इदम् (idam) - these (words) (this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, these

Note: Refers to 'vākyam'.

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - speech, words, sentence

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - speech, word, sentence

from vac (to speak) + ya suffix

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of 'abravīt'.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect Active

Root brū (to speak), 2nd conjugation, 'a' augment for Imperfect

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: The 'a' prefix in 'abravīt' is the augment for past tenses.

वाक्यकोविदः (vākyakovidaḥ) - skilled in speech, expert in words

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vākyakovida

vākyakovida - skilled in speech, expert in words

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vākya+kovida)

• vākya – speech, word, sentence
  noun (neuter)
  from vac (to speak) + ya suffix
  Root: vac (class 2)
• kovida – skilled, expert, knowing
  adjective (masculine)
  from root vid (to know) with prefix ko- (intensive or pejorative, but here 'expert')
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Qualifies Rāvaṇa.