वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-11, verse-25

प्रथमं चोपविश्याथ धर्मज्ञो मुनिपुंगवः ।
उवाच राममासीनं प्राञ्जलिं धर्मकोविदम् ॥२५॥

25. prathamaṃ copaviśyātha dharmajño munipuṃgavaḥ ,
uvāca rāmamāsīnaṃ prāñjaliṃ dharmakovidam.

25. prathamam ca upaviśya atha dharmajñaḥ munipuṅgavaḥ
uvāca rāmam āsīnam prāñjalim dharmakovidam

25. prathamam upaviśya atha ca dharmajñaḥ munipuṅgavaḥ
prāñjalim dharmakovidam āsīnam rāmam uvāca

25. First, having sat down, the chief of sages, knowledgeable in righteousness (dharma), then spoke to Rāma, who was seated with folded hands and expert in moral law (dharma).

Words meanings summery:

• प्रथमम् (prathamam) - first (in order of actions) (first, at first)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• उपविश्य (upaviśya) - having sat down (having sat down, having taken a seat)

• अथ (atha) - then (indicating sequence) (then, next, now)

• धर्मज्ञः (dharmajñaḥ) - knowledgeable in righteousness (dharma) (knowing dharma, righteous, versed in sacred law)

• मुनिपुङ्गवः (munipuṅgavaḥ) - the chief among sages (referring to the sage they visited) (chief of sages, excellent sage)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he (the sage) spoke (he said, he spoke)

• रामम् (rāmam) - to Prince Rama (Rama)

• आसीनम् (āsīnam) - who was seated (seated, sitting)

• प्राञ्जलिम् (prāñjalim) - with hands joined in reverence (with folded hands)

• धर्मकोविदम् (dharmakovidam) - expert in moral law (dharma) (skilled in dharma, expert in righteousness)

Words meanings and morphology

प्रथमम् (prathamam) - first (in order of actions) (first, at first)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial usage of accusative singular neuter.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

उपविश्य (upaviśya) - having sat down (having sat down, having taken a seat)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

formed from root √viś with prefix upa, and suffix -ya

Prefix: upa

Root: viś (class 6)

अथ (atha) - then (indicating sequence) (then, next, now)

(indeclinable)

धर्मज्ञः (dharmajñaḥ) - knowledgeable in righteousness (dharma) (knowing dharma, righteous, versed in sacred law)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmajña

dharmajña - knowing duty/dharma, acquainted with the law, righteous

compound

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+jña)

• dharma – duty, righteousness, law, intrinsic nature, virtue
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• jña – knowing, acquainted with, wise
  adjective (masculine)
  from root √jñā
  Root: jñā (class 9)

मुनिपुङ्गवः (munipuṅgavaḥ) - the chief among sages (referring to the sage they visited) (chief of sages, excellent sage)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of munipuṅgava

munipuṅgava - chief of sages, best among ascetics

compound

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (muni+puṅgava)

• muni – sage, ascetic, seer
  noun (masculine)
• puṅgava – bull; chief, pre-eminent
  noun (masculine)

उवाच (uvāca) - he (the sage) spoke (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice

reduplicated perfect of √vac

Root: vac (class 2)

रामम् (rāmam) - to Prince Rama (Rama)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (a celebrated hero, son of Dasaratha)

आसीनम् (āsīnam) - who was seated (seated, sitting)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āsīna

āsīna - seated, sitting

Past Active Participle (from √ās + āna)

from root √ās

Root: ās (class 2)

प्राञ्जलिम् (prāñjalim) - with hands joined in reverence (with folded hands)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of prāñjali

prāñjali - having folded hands, with joined palms

compound

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (pra+añjali)

• pra – forward, onward, forth, very
  indeclinable
  prefix
• añjali – folded hands, cupped hands (for offering or reverence)
  noun (masculine)

धर्मकोविदम् (dharmakovidam) - expert in moral law (dharma) (skilled in dharma, expert in righteousness)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharmakovida

dharmakovida - skilled in law/dharma, expert in righteousness

compound

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+kovida)

• dharma – duty, righteousness, law, intrinsic nature, virtue
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• kovida – skilled, clever, expert, knowing
  adjective (masculine)