वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-20, verse-7

यथा दैवमशौण्डीरं शौण्डीरः क्षत्रियर्षभः ।
किं नाम कृपणं दैवमशक्तमभिशंससि ॥७॥

7. yathā daivamaśauṇḍīraṃ śauṇḍīraḥ kṣatriyarṣabhaḥ ,
kiṃ nāma kṛpaṇaṃ daivamaśaktamabhiśaṃsasi.

7. yathā daivam aśauṇḍīram śauṇḍīraḥ kṣatriya-ṛṣabhaḥ
kim nāma kṛpaṇam daivam aśaktam abhisaṃsasi

7. kṣatriya-ṛṣabhaḥ śauṇḍīraḥ yathā daivam aśauṇḍīram
kim nāma kṛpaṇam daivam aśaktam abhisaṃsasi

7. O bull among kṣatriyas, you are a proud (śauṇḍīra) warrior! How can you speak of destiny (daivam) as being inglorious (aśauṇḍīram)? Why on earth do you praise such a miserable, powerless destiny (daivam)?

Words meanings summery:

• यथा (yathā) - how (can you speak as if) (just as, as, how, that)

• दैवम् (daivam) - destiny (daivam) (fate, destiny, divine)

• अशौण्डीरम् (aśauṇḍīram) - inglorious (inglorious, not proud, powerless)

• शौण्डीरः (śauṇḍīraḥ) - proud (proud, strong, valiant)

• क्षत्रिय-ऋषभः (kṣatriya-ṛṣabhaḥ) - bull among kṣatriyas (bull among kṣatriyas, best of kṣatriyas)

• किम् (kim) - why (what, why, whether)

• नाम (nāma) - on earth (emphasizes the question) (indeed, by name, forsooth)

• कृपणम् (kṛpaṇam) - miserable (miserable, wretched, poor, stingy)

• दैवम् (daivam) - destiny (daivam) (fate, destiny, divine)

• अशक्तम् (aśaktam) - powerless (powerless, incapable, weak)

• अभिसंससि (abhisaṁsasi) - you praise (you praise, you laud, you speak highly of)

Words meanings and morphology

यथा (yathā) - how (can you speak as if) (just as, as, how, that)

(indeclinable)

Correlative adverb

दैवम् (daivam) - destiny (daivam) (fate, destiny, divine)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of daiva

daiva - divine, relating to gods, fate, destiny

From deva (god)

Note: Object of implied verb "speak of" or "consider".

अशौण्डीरम् (aśauṇḍīram) - inglorious (inglorious, not proud, powerless)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of aśauṇḍīra

aśauṇḍīra - not proud, inglorious, not strong

Formed with 'a' (negation) + 'śauṇḍīra' (proud, strong)

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+śauṇḍīra)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  negation prefix
• śauṇḍīra – proud, strong, valiant, intoxicated
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Qualifies daivam.

शौण्डीरः (śauṇḍīraḥ) - proud (proud, strong, valiant)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śauṇḍīra

śauṇḍīra - proud, strong, valiant, intoxicated

Note: Qualifies kṣatriya-ṛṣabhaḥ.

क्षत्रिय-ऋषभः (kṣatriya-ṛṣabhaḥ) - bull among kṣatriyas (bull among kṣatriyas, best of kṣatriyas)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣatriya-ṛṣabha

kṣatriya-ṛṣabha - bull among kṣatriyas, foremost kṣatriya

Compound type : tatpurusha (kṣatriya+ṛṣabha)

• kṣatriya – member of the warrior class, warrior
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, best, excellent
  noun (masculine)

Note: Vocative or nominative referring to the addressee. Here, vocative implied.

किम् (kim) - why (what, why, whether)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used to form an interrogative phrase kim nāma.

नाम (nāma) - on earth (emphasizes the question) (indeed, by name, forsooth)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial particle

Note: Used with kim for emphasis.

कृपणम् (kṛpaṇam) - miserable (miserable, wretched, poor, stingy)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kṛpaṇa

kṛpaṇa - miserable, wretched, poor, stingy, contemptible

Note: Qualifies daivam (2).

दैवम् (daivam) - destiny (daivam) (fate, destiny, divine)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of daiva

daiva - divine, relating to gods, fate, destiny

From deva (god)

Note: Object of abhisaṃsasi.

अशक्तम् (aśaktam) - powerless (powerless, incapable, weak)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of aśakta

aśakta - powerless, incapable, weak

Past Passive Participle (negated)

From 'a' (negation) + 'śakta' (capable, from √śak).

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+śakta)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  negation prefix
• śakta – able, capable, powerful
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √śak
  Root: śak (class 5)

Note: Qualifies daivam (2).

अभिसंससि (abhisaṁsasi) - you praise (you praise, you laud, you speak highly of)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present indicative (lat) of abhisaṃśas

Present active indicative

2nd person singular present active from √śaṃs with prefix abhi.

Prefix: abhi

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

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