वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-20, verse-1

इति ब्रुवति रामे तु लक्ष्मणो ऽधःशिरा मुहुः ।
श्रुत्वा मध्यं जगामेव मनसा दुःखहर्षयोः ॥१॥

1. iti bruvati rāme tu lakṣmaṇo'dhaḥśirā muhuḥ ,
śrutvā madhyaṃ jagāmeva manasā duḥkhaharṣayoḥ.

1. iti bruvati rāme tu lakṣmaṇaḥ adhaḥ-śirāḥ muhuḥ
śrutvā madhyam jagāma eva manasā duḥkha-harṣayoḥ

1. rāme iti bruvati tu lakṣmaṇaḥ adhaḥ-śirāḥ muhuḥ
śrutvā manasā duḥkha-harṣayoḥ madhyam jagāma eva

1. As Rama spoke these words, Lakshmana, repeatedly bowing his head, having heard them, felt his mind, as it were, situated in a midpoint between sorrow and joy.

Words meanings summery:

• इति (iti) - thus, in this manner

• ब्रुवति (bruvati) - while speaking (speaking, saying)

• रामे (rāme) - while Rama (was speaking) (in Rama, on Rama)

• तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, however)

• लक्ष्मणः (lakṣmaṇaḥ) - Lakshmana

• अधः-शिराः (adhaḥ-śirāḥ) - with head bowed down

• मुहुः (muhuḥ) - repeatedly (bowing his head) (repeatedly, for a long time, instantly)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard (Rama's words) (having heard)

• मध्यम् (madhyam) - a middle state or midpoint (middle, midpoint, center)

• जगाम (jagāma) - reached (a state), became (went, came, reached)

• एव (eva) - as it were, almost (indeed, only, just, as it were)

• मनसा (manasā) - by mind, with the mind

• दुःख-हर्षयोः (duḥkha-harṣayoḥ) - of sorrow and joy

Words meanings and morphology

इति (iti) - thus, in this manner

(indeclinable)

Note: Refers to Rama's preceding speech.

ब्रुवति (bruvati) - while speaking (speaking, saying)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of bruvat

bruvat - speaking, saying, telling

Present Active Participle

Derived from root 'brū' (to speak).

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'rāme', forming a locative absolute construction ('while Rama was speaking').

रामे (rāme) - while Rama (was speaking) (in Rama, on Rama)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (a proper name), pleasing, dark-colored

Note: Used in a locative absolute construction with 'bruvati'.

तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

Note: Marks a slight transition or emphasis.

लक्ष्मणः (lakṣmaṇaḥ) - Lakshmana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of lakṣmaṇa

lakṣmaṇa - Lakshmana (Rama's brother)

Note: Subject of 'jagāma'.

अधः-शिराः (adhaḥ-śirāḥ) - with head bowed down

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adhaḥ-śiras

adhaḥ-śiras - having the head bent down, with bowed head

Bahuvrīhi compound: 'whose head is down'.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (adhas+śiras)

• adhas – below, beneath, downwards
  indeclinable
• śiras – head, top
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'lakṣmaṇaḥ'.

मुहुः (muhuḥ) - repeatedly (bowing his head) (repeatedly, for a long time, instantly)

(indeclinable)

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard (Rama's words) (having heard)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root 'śru' (to hear) with suffix '-tvā'.

Root: śru (class 5)

मध्यम् (madhyam) - a middle state or midpoint (middle, midpoint, center)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of madhya

madhya - middle, central, intermediate; (as noun) the middle, center

Note: Object of 'jagāma'.

जगाम (jagāma) - reached (a state), became (went, came, reached)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of gam

Root: gam (class 1)

एव (eva) - as it were, almost (indeed, only, just, as it were)

(indeclinable)

मनसा (manasā) - by mind, with the mind

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of manas

manas - mind, intellect, thought, heart

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Indicates the instrument or means by which the action of 'going' occurred.

दुःख-हर्षयोः (duḥkha-harṣayoḥ) - of sorrow and joy

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, dual of duḥkha-harṣa

duḥkha-harṣa - sorrow and joy, pain and delight

Dvanda compound of duḥkha and harṣa.

Compound type : dvandva (duḥkha+harṣa)

• duḥkha – suffering, sorrow, pain, misery, discomfort
  noun (neuter)
• harṣa – joy, delight, pleasure, excitement
  noun (masculine)
  Root: hṛṣ (class 4)

Note: Indicates the two extremes between which the mind was situated.