महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-41, verse-34

तं तु क्रुद्धमभिप्रेक्ष्य ब्रह्महत्याभयान्नदी ।
अपोवाह वसिष्ठं तु प्राचीं दिशमतन्द्रिता ।
उभयोः कुर्वती वाक्यं वञ्चयित्वा तु गाधिजम् ॥३४॥

34. taṁ tu kruddhamabhiprekṣya brahmahatyābhayānnadī ,
apovāha vasiṣṭhaṁ tu prācīṁ diśamatandritā ,
ubhayoḥ kurvatī vākyaṁ vañcayitvā tu gādhijam.

34. tam tu kruddham abhiprekṣya
brahmahatyābhayāt nadī apovāha vasiṣṭham tu
prācīm diśam atandritā ubhayoḥ
kurvatī vākyam vañcayitvā tu gādhijam

34. nadī kruddham tam abhiprekṣya brahmahatyābhayāt tu atandritā vasiṣṭham prācīm diśam apovāha,
gādhijam tu vañcayitvā ubhayoḥ vākyam kurvatī.

34. Perceiving him (Viśvāmitra) to be enraged, and fearing the sin of brahminicide (brahmahatyā), the river, being diligent, carried Vasiṣṭha away towards the eastern direction. Thus, by deceiving Gādhi's son (Viśvāmitra), it was acting in accordance with the wishes of both (Vasiṣṭha and Viśvāmitra).

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - Viśvāmitra (him, that)

• तु (tu) - indeed (emphasizing the action) (but, indeed, yet, however)

• क्रुद्धम् (kruddham) - enraged (referring to Viśvāmitra) (angry, enraged)

• अभिप्रेक्ष्य (abhiprekṣya) - having perceived (Viśvāmitra's anger) (having seen, perceiving, observing)

• ब्रह्महत्याभयात् (brahmahatyābhayāt) - from the fear of the great sin of brahminicide (brahmahatyā) (from the fear of killing a Brahmin, from the fear of brahminicide)

• नदी (nadī) - The Sarasvatī river (river)

• अपोवाह (apovāha) - carried Vasiṣṭha away (carried away, moved away)

• वसिष्ठम् (vasiṣṭham) - The sage Vasiṣṭha (Vasiṣṭha)

• तु (tu) - indeed (emphasizing the action) (but, indeed, yet, however)

• प्राचीम् (prācīm) - to the eastern (eastern, to the east)

• दिशम् (diśam) - the direction (direction, quarter)

• अतन्द्रिता (atandritā) - being diligent (referring to the river) (vigilant, active, diligent, not lazy)

• उभयोः (ubhayoḥ) - of both Viśvāmitra and Vasiṣṭha (of both)

• कुर्वती (kurvatī) - performing the wishes (doing, making, performing)

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - the command or wish (word, speech, command)

• वञ्चयित्वा (vañcayitvā) - having deceived (Viśvāmitra) (having deceived, having tricked)

• तु (tu) - indeed (emphasizing the deception) (but, indeed, yet, however)

• गाधिजम् (gādhijam) - Viśvāmitra, son of Gādhi (son of Gādhi)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - Viśvāmitra (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Viśvāmitra

तु (tu) - indeed (emphasizing the action) (but, indeed, yet, however)

(indeclinable)

क्रुद्धम् (kruddham) - enraged (referring to Viśvāmitra) (angry, enraged)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kruddha

kruddha - angry, enraged, furious

Past Passive Participle

From root √krudh (to be angry) + kta (suffix for past passive participle)

Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'tam'

अभिप्रेक्ष्य (abhiprekṣya) - having perceived (Viśvāmitra's anger) (having seen, perceiving, observing)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From prefix 'abhi-' + 'pra-' + root '√īkṣ' (to see) + lyaP (suffix for absolutive with prefix)

Prefixes: abhi+pra

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

ब्रह्महत्याभयात् (brahmahatyābhayāt) - from the fear of the great sin of brahminicide (brahmahatyā) (from the fear of killing a Brahmin, from the fear of brahminicide)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of brahmahatyābhaya

brahmahatyābhaya - fear of brahminicide

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (brahmahatyā+bhaya)

• brahmahatyā – killing of a Brahmin, brahminicide
  noun (feminine)
• bhaya – fear, dread
  noun (neuter)

Note: Denotes cause or reason

नदी (nadī) - The Sarasvatī river (river)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of nadī

nadī - river

Note: Subject of the sentence

अपोवाह (apovāha) - carried Vasiṣṭha away (carried away, moved away)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of apovāha

Perfect (Liṭ)

From prefix 'apa-' + root '√vah' (to carry) + perfect tense ending (3rd person singular active)

Prefix: apa

Root: vah (class 1)

वसिष्ठम् (vasiṣṭham) - The sage Vasiṣṭha (Vasiṣṭha)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vasiṣṭha

vasiṣṭha - Vasiṣṭha (name of a revered sage)

Note: Object of 'apovāha'

तु (tu) - indeed (emphasizing the action) (but, indeed, yet, however)

(indeclinable)

प्राचीम् (prācīm) - to the eastern (eastern, to the east)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of prācī

prācī - eastern, facing east

Note: Qualifies 'diśam'

दिशम् (diśam) - the direction (direction, quarter)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of diś

diś - direction, quarter, region

Note: Object of motion

अतन्द्रिता (atandritā) - being diligent (referring to the river) (vigilant, active, diligent, not lazy)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of atandrita

atandrita - vigilant, active, diligent, not lazy

Past Passive Participle (derived from root √tandr, to be lazy, with 'a-' negative prefix)

'a' (negative prefix) + 'tandrita' (lazy, weary)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+tandrita)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• tandrita – lazy, weary, fatigued
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √tandr (to be lazy) + kta
  Root: tandr (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'nadī'

उभयोः (ubhayoḥ) - of both Viśvāmitra and Vasiṣṭha (of both)

(pronoun)

Genitive, dual of ubhaya

ubhaya - both

Note: Dual for "both" often declines like a pronoun; here, genitive 'of both'

कुर्वती (kurvatī) - performing the wishes (doing, making, performing)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kurvat

kurvat - doing, performing, making

Present Active Participle

From root '√kṛ' (to do) + śatṛ (suffix for present active participle)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Qualifies 'nadī'

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - the command or wish (word, speech, command)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - word, speech, sentence, command

Note: Object of 'kurvatī'

वञ्चयित्वा (vañcayitvā) - having deceived (Viśvāmitra) (having deceived, having tricked)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From causative stem 'vañcay-' (from root '√vañc' to deceive) + ktvā (suffix for absolutive)

Root: vañc (class 1)

तु (tu) - indeed (emphasizing the deception) (but, indeed, yet, however)

(indeclinable)

गाधिजम् (gādhijam) - Viśvāmitra, son of Gādhi (son of Gādhi)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of gādhija

gādhija - son of Gādhi

Derived from 'Gādhi' + 'ja' (born from)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (gādhi+ja)

• gādhi – Gādhi (name of a king, father of Viśvāmitra)
  proper noun (masculine)
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective (masculine)
  From root √jan (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Object of 'vañcayitvā'