महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-7, verse-8

स तीव्रं कोपमास्थाय रथे समरदुर्मदः ।
व्यधमत्पाण्डवानीकमभ्राणीव सदागतिः ॥८॥

8. sa tīvraṁ kopamāsthāya rathe samaradurmadaḥ ,
vyadhamatpāṇḍavānīkamabhrāṇīva sadāgatiḥ.

8. saḥ tīvram kopam āsthāya rathe samaradurmadaḥ
vyadhamat pāṇḍavānīkam abhrāṇi iva sadāgatiḥ

8. samaradurmadaḥ saḥ rathe tīvram kopam āsthāya,
sadāgatiḥ abhrāṇi iva,
pāṇḍavānīkam vyadhamat

8. He, Drona, fierce and intoxicated with battle in his chariot, taking on intense anger, dispersed the Pandava army just as the wind (sadāgati) scatters clouds.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he (referring to Drona) (he, that)

• तीव्रम् (tīvram) - intense (intense, sharp, fierce, violent)

• कोपम् (kopam) - anger (anger, rage, wrath)

• आस्थाय (āsthāya) - taking on (having taken up, having resorted to, having adopted)

• रथे (rathe) - in his chariot (in the chariot, on the chariot)

• समरदुर्मदः (samaradurmadaḥ) - fierce and intoxicated with battle (intoxicated with battle, fierce in battle, invincible in battle)

• व्यधमत् (vyadhamat) - dispersed (he blew away, he dispersed, he scattered)

• पाण्डवानीकम् (pāṇḍavānīkam) - the Pandava army

• अभ्राणि (abhrāṇi) - clouds

• इव (iva) - just as (like, as, as if)

• सदागतिः (sadāgatiḥ) - the wind (sadāgati) (wind, air (one who always moves))

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he (referring to Drona) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Subject of the sentence.

तीव्रम् (tīvram) - intense (intense, sharp, fierce, violent)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tīvra

tīvra - intense, sharp, fierce, strong, hot

कोपम् (kopam) - anger (anger, rage, wrath)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kopa

kopa - anger, rage, wrath, agitation

From root kup (to be angry)

Root: kup (class 4)

आस्थाय (āsthāya) - taking on (having taken up, having resorted to, having adopted)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From prefix ā- + root sthā (to stand) + -ya suffix (absolutive)

Prefix: ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

रथे (rathe) - in his chariot (in the chariot, on the chariot)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

From root ram (to delight) or rā (to give)

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Location where Drona is.

समरदुर्मदः (samaradurmadaḥ) - fierce and intoxicated with battle (intoxicated with battle, fierce in battle, invincible in battle)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samaradurmada

samaradurmada - intoxicated with battle, difficult to restrain in battle, fierce in battle

Compound

Compound type : tatpurusha (samara+durmada)

• samara – battle, war, combat
  noun (masculine)
• durmada – arrogant, fierce, intoxicated, difficult to restrain
  adjective (masculine)
  prefix dur- (bad, difficult) + mada (intoxication, arrogance)
  Prefix: dur

Note: Agrees with "saḥ".

व्यधमत् (vyadhamat) - dispersed (he blew away, he dispersed, he scattered)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of vyadham

Imperfect tense

From prefix vi- + root dham (to blow) + Imperfect ending.

Prefix: vi

Root: dham (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

पाण्डवानीकम् (pāṇḍavānīkam) - the Pandava army

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pāṇḍavānīka

pāṇḍavānīka - the army of the Pandavas

Compound

Compound type : tatpurusha (pāṇḍava+anīka)

• pāṇḍava – son of Pandu, the Pandavas
  noun (masculine)
• anīka – army, host, troop
  noun (neuter)

अभ्राणि (abhrāṇi) - clouds

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of abhra

abhra - cloud, sky, atmosphere

इव (iva) - just as (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

Particle expressing comparison.

सदागतिः (sadāgatiḥ) - the wind (sadāgati) (wind, air (one who always moves))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sadāgati

sadāgati - wind, air, (lit. 'always moving')

Compound

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sadā+gati)

• sadā – always, perpetually, constantly
  indeclinable
• gati – motion, movement, course, path
  noun (feminine)
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Subject in the simile.