महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-7, verse-17

तस्य हर्षप्रणादेन बाणवेगेन चाभिभो ।
प्राकम्पन्त रणे योधा गावः शीतार्दिता इव ॥१७॥

17. tasya harṣapraṇādena bāṇavegena cābhibho ,
prākampanta raṇe yodhā gāvaḥ śītārditā iva.

17. tasya harṣapraṇādena bāṇavegena ca abhibho
prākampanta raṇe yodhāḥ gāvaḥ śītārditāḥ iva

17. abhibho tasya harṣapraṇādena ca bāṇavegena
raṇe yodhāḥ śītārditāḥ gāvaḥ iva prākampanta

17. O King, due to his joyous roar and the velocity of his arrows, the warriors on the battlefield trembled like cows suffering from the cold.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्य (tasya) - his, its

• हर्षप्रणादेन (harṣapraṇādena) - by the loud roar of joy, by the joyful shout

• बाणवेगेन (bāṇavegena) - by the speed of arrows, by the swiftness of arrows

• च (ca) - and, also

• अभिभो (abhibho) - An address to the narrator's interlocutor (e.g., Sanjaya to Dhritarashtra). (O Lord!, O King!, O Master!)

• प्राकम्पन्त (prākampanta) - they trembled

• रणे (raṇe) - in the battle, on the battlefield

• योधाः (yodhāḥ) - warriors, fighters

• गावः (gāvaḥ) - cows

• शीतार्दिताः (śītārditāḥ) - afflicted by cold, distressed by cold

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

Words meanings and morphology

तस्य (tasya) - his, its

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Also genitive singular neuter/feminine, but here refers to a male warrior.

हर्षप्रणादेन (harṣapraṇādena) - by the loud roar of joy, by the joyful shout

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of harṣapraṇāda

harṣapraṇāda - joyful sound, loud roar of joy

Compound type : tatpurusha (harṣa+praṇāda)

• harṣa – joy, delight
  noun (masculine)
  Root: hṛṣ (class 1)
• praṇāda – loud sound, roar, cry
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from pra- + √nad
  Prefix: pra
  Root: nad (class 1)

बाणवेगेन (bāṇavegena) - by the speed of arrows, by the swiftness of arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bāṇavega

bāṇavega - speed of arrows, arrow-swiftness

Compound type : tatpurusha (bāṇa+vega)

• bāṇa – arrow
  noun (masculine)
• vega – speed, velocity, force
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vij (class 6)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अभिभो (abhibho) - An address to the narrator's interlocutor (e.g., Sanjaya to Dhritarashtra). (O Lord!, O King!, O Master!)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of abhibhu

abhibhu - master, lord, ruler

Prefix: abhi

Root: bhū (class 1)

प्राकम्पन्त (prākampanta) - they trembled

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of kamp

Imperfect Tense, Plural, 3rd Person, Atmanepada

Derived from pra- + √kamp, imperfect tense, ātmanepada, 3rd person plural.

Prefix: pra

Root: kamp (class 1)

रणे (raṇe) - in the battle, on the battlefield

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, combat

Root: raṇ (class 1)

योधाः (yodhāḥ) - warriors, fighters

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yodha

yodha - warrior, fighter, soldier

Root: yudh (class 4)

गावः (gāvaḥ) - cows

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of go

go - cow, ox; earth, ray of light

शीतार्दिताः (śītārditāḥ) - afflicted by cold, distressed by cold

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of śītārdita

śītārdita - afflicted by cold, suffering from cold

Past Passive Participle

Compound type : tatpurusha (śīta+ardita)

• śīta – cold, cool
  noun (neuter)
• ardita – afflicted, distressed, tormented
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from √ard (to torment, vex)
  Root: ard (class 1)

Note: Adjectivally modifying gāvaḥ, hence feminine nominative plural.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)