महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-7, verse-23

पदातिषु रथाश्वेषु वारणेषु च सर्वशः ।
तस्य विद्युदिवाभ्रेषु चरन्केतुरदृश्यत ॥२३॥

23. padātiṣu rathāśveṣu vāraṇeṣu ca sarvaśaḥ ,
tasya vidyudivābhreṣu caranketuradṛśyata.

23. padātiṣu rathāśveṣu vāraṇeṣu ca sarvaśaḥ
tasya vidyut iva abhresu caran ketuḥ adṛśyata

23. sarvaśaḥ padātiṣu rathāśveṣu ca vāraṇeṣu
tasya ketuḥ abhresu vidyut iva caran adṛśyata

23. Everywhere, among the foot soldiers, chariots, horses, and elephants, his banner was seen moving like lightning in the clouds.

Words meanings summery:

• पदातिषु (padātiṣu) - among foot soldiers, in the infantry

• रथाश्वेषु (rathāśveṣu) - among chariots and horses

• वारणेषु (vāraṇeṣu) - among elephants

• च (ca) - and

• सर्वशः (sarvaśaḥ) - everywhere, completely, in all respects

• तस्य (tasya) - (Drona's) (his, of him)

• विद्युत् (vidyut) - lightning

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• अभ्रेसु (abhresu) - in clouds

• चरन् (caran) - moving, roaming

• केतुः (ketuḥ) - (Drona's) battle standard (banner, standard, flag; comet)

• अदृश्यत (adṛśyata) - was seen, appeared

Words meanings and morphology

पदातिषु (padātiṣu) - among foot soldiers, in the infantry

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of padāti

padāti - foot soldier, infantryman

Note: Indicates location.

रथाश्वेषु (rathāśveṣu) - among chariots and horses

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of rathāśva

rathāśva - chariots and horses

Compound type : dvandva (ratha+aśva)

• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)

Note: Indicates location.

वारणेषु (vāraṇeṣu) - among elephants

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of vāraṇa

vāraṇa - elephant

Note: Indicates location.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

सर्वशः (sarvaśaḥ) - everywhere, completely, in all respects

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'sarva' (all) with the 'śas' suffix.

Note: Adverbial usage.

तस्य (tasya) - (Drona's) (his, of him)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Drona.

विद्युत् (vidyut) - lightning

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vidyut

vidyut - lightning

Note: Used in simile 'like lightning'.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

अभ्रेसु (abhresu) - in clouds

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of abhra

abhra - cloud

Note: Location for the simile 'lightning in clouds'.

चरन् (caran) - moving, roaming

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of carat

carat - moving, roaming, going

Present active participle

Nominative singular masculine of present active participle from root 'car' (1st class).

Root: car (class 1)

केतुः (ketuḥ) - (Drona's) battle standard (banner, standard, flag; comet)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ketu

ketu - banner, standard, flag; comet, chief

Note: Subject of 'adṛśyata'.

अदृश्यत (adṛśyata) - was seen, appeared

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, past imperfect (laṅ) of dṛś

Imperfect (past tense) passive

3rd person singular, augment 'a-' from root 'dṛś' (1st class) in passive voice.

Root: dṛś (class 1)