महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-7, verse-32

पाण्डवैः सह पाञ्चालैरशिवैः क्रूरकर्मभिः ।
हतो रुक्मरथो राजन्कृत्वा कर्म सुदुष्करम् ॥३२॥

32. pāṇḍavaiḥ saha pāñcālairaśivaiḥ krūrakarmabhiḥ ,
hato rukmaratho rājankṛtvā karma suduṣkaram.

32. pāṇḍavaiḥ saha pāñcālaiḥ aśivaiḥ krūrakarmabhiḥ
hataḥ rukmarathaḥ rājan kṛtvā karma sudurṣkaram

32. rājan rukmarathaḥ sudurṣkaram karma kṛtvā pāṇḍavaiḥ
saha aśivaiḥ krūrakarmabhiḥ pāñcālaiḥ hataḥ

32. O king, Rukmaratha was slain by the inauspicious Pañcālas and the Pāṇḍavas, who were known for their cruel deeds, after he had performed a very difficult feat.

Words meanings summery:

• पाण्डवैः (pāṇḍavaiḥ) - by the Pāṇḍavas

• सह (saha) - with, along with

• पाञ्चालैः (pāñcālaiḥ) - by the Pañcālas

• अशिवैः (aśivaiḥ) - Refers to Pañcālas and Pāṇḍavas. (by the inauspicious, by the hostile)

• क्रूरकर्मभिः (krūrakarmabhiḥ) - Refers to Pañcālas and Pāṇḍavas. (by those of cruel deeds)

• हतः (hataḥ) - killed, slain

• रुक्मरथः (rukmarathaḥ) - Rukmaratha (proper name)

• राजन् (rājan) - O king

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, having performed

• कर्म (karma) - deed, action, work

• सुदुर्ष्करम् (sudurṣkaram) - very difficult to perform, extremely hard

Words meanings and morphology

पाण्डवैः (pāṇḍavaiḥ) - by the Pāṇḍavas

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, the Pāṇḍavas

सह (saha) - with, along with

(indeclinable)

पाञ्चालैः (pāñcālaiḥ) - by the Pañcālas

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of pāñcāla

pāñcāla - a native of Pañcāla, the Pañcālas (a tribe/kingdom)

अशिवैः (aśivaiḥ) - Refers to Pañcālas and Pāṇḍavas. (by the inauspicious, by the hostile)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of aśiva

aśiva - inauspicious, unpropitious, hostile, evil

negative prefix 'a-' + śiva (auspicious, benevolent)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (a+śiva)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• śiva – auspicious, benevolent, Shiva
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Qualifies pāñcālaiḥ and implicitly pāṇḍavaiḥ.

क्रूरकर्मभिः (krūrakarmabhiḥ) - Refers to Pañcālas and Pāṇḍavas. (by those of cruel deeds)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of krūrakarman

krūrakarman - one whose actions are cruel, cruel-doer

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (krūra+karman)

• krūra – cruel, fierce, harsh
  adjective (masculine)
• karman – action, deed, work (karma)
  noun (neuter)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Qualifies pāñcālaiḥ and implicitly pāṇḍavaiḥ.

हतः (hataḥ) - killed, slain

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of han

han - to strike, to kill, to destroy

Past Passive Participle

formed from root han + -ta suffix

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Functions as a finite verb in this context.

रुक्मरथः (rukmarathaḥ) - Rukmaratha (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rukmaratha

rukmaratha - Rukmaratha (proper name, 'golden charioteer')

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (rukma+ratha)

• rukma – gold, golden, ornamented
  noun (neuter)
• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)

राजन् (rājan) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, having performed

(indeclinable)

absolutive

formed with suffix -tvā

Root: kṛ (class 8)

कर्म (karma) - deed, action, work

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of karman

karman - action, deed, work, ritual action (karma)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

सुदुर्ष्करम् (sudurṣkaram) - very difficult to perform, extremely hard

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sudurṣkara

sudurṣkara - very difficult, extremely hard to perform

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (su+duṣkara)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
• duṣkara – difficult to perform, arduous
  adjective (neuter)
  Prefix: dus
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Qualifies karma.