महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-60, verse-20

स ताभ्यां सहितः पार्थो रथप्रवरमास्थितः ।
सहितो बुधशुक्राभ्यां तमो निघ्नन्यथा शशी ॥२०॥

20. sa tābhyāṁ sahitaḥ pārtho rathapravaramāsthitaḥ ,
sahito budhaśukrābhyāṁ tamo nighnanyathā śaśī.

20. saḥ tābhyām sahitaḥ pārthaḥ rathapravaram āsthitaḥ
sahitaḥ budhaśukrābhyām tamaḥ nighnan yathā śaśī

20. saḥ pārthaḥ tābhyām sahitaḥ rathapravaram āsthitaḥ
budhaśukrābhyām sahitaḥ tamaḥ nighnan śaśī yathā

20. That Partha (Arjuna), accompanied by those two (Krishna and the excellent chariot), ascended the excellent chariot. He was like the moon, accompanied by Budha (Mercury) and Shukra (Venus), dispelling the darkness.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - He (Arjuna) (he, that)

• ताभ्याम् (tābhyām) - with Krishna and the excellent chariot (by those two, with those two)

• सहितः (sahitaḥ) - accompanied, joined, connected

• पार्थः (pārthaḥ) - Arjuna (Partha (son of Pritha/Kunti), Arjuna)

• रथप्रवरम् (rathapravaram) - excellent chariot, foremost chariot

• आस्थितः (āsthitaḥ) - mounted, ascended, stood upon

• सहितः (sahitaḥ) - accompanied, joined, connected

• बुधशुक्राभ्याम् (budhaśukrābhyām) - by Budha (Mercury) and Shukra (Venus)

• तमः (tamaḥ) - darkness, ignorance, tamas

• निघ्नन् (nighnan) - dispelling (darkness) (destroying, killing, dispelling)

• यथा (yathā) - as, just as, according to

• शशी (śaśī) - the moon

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - He (Arjuna) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

ताभ्याम् (tābhyām) - with Krishna and the excellent chariot (by those two, with those two)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Can also be dative or ablative dual. Context points to instrumental.

सहितः (sahitaḥ) - accompanied, joined, connected

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sahita

sahita - accompanied by, joined with, endowed with

past passive participle

from root dhā (to place) with prefixes sa- and hi-

Prefixes: sa+hi

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Used adjectivally.

पार्थः (pārthaḥ) - Arjuna (Partha (son of Pritha/Kunti), Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pritha (Kunti), Arjuna

patronymic from Prithā

रथप्रवरम् (rathapravaram) - excellent chariot, foremost chariot

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rathapravara

rathapravara - excellent chariot, foremost chariot

Compound type : tatpurusha (ratha+pravara)

• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)
• pravara – chief, excellent, best
  adjective (masculine)
  Prefix: pra

आस्थितः (āsthitaḥ) - mounted, ascended, stood upon

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āsthita

āsthita - mounted, standing on, firm

past passive participle

from root sthā (to stand) with prefix ā

Prefix: ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Used adjectivally.

सहितः (sahitaḥ) - accompanied, joined, connected

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sahita

sahita - accompanied by, joined with, endowed with

past passive participle

from root dhā (to place) with prefixes sa- and hi-

Prefixes: sa+hi

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Used adjectivally.

बुधशुक्राभ्याम् (budhaśukrābhyām) - by Budha (Mercury) and Shukra (Venus)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, dual of budhaśukra

budhaśukra - Budha (Mercury) and Shukra (Venus)

Compound type : dvandva (budha+śukra)

• budha – Budha (planet Mercury), wise, intelligent
  proper noun (masculine)
• śukra – Shukra (planet Venus), bright, white, semen
  proper noun (masculine)

Note: Dual instrumental is common for dvandva compounds when meaning 'with X and Y'.

तमः (tamaḥ) - darkness, ignorance, tamas

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tamas

tamas - darkness, gloom, ignorance, quality of inertia (tamas)

निघ्नन् (nighnan) - dispelling (darkness) (destroying, killing, dispelling)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nighnat

nighnat - destroying, killing, dispelling

present active participle

from root han (to kill) with prefix ni, present active participle

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

यथा (yathā) - as, just as, according to

(indeclinable)

शशी (śaśī) - the moon

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śaśin

śaśin - moon, rabbit-marked