महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-14, verse-4

संजय उवाच ।
सादितं प्रेक्ष्य यन्तारं शल्यः सर्वायषीं गदाम् ।
समुत्क्षिप्य नदन्क्रुद्धः प्रचस्कन्द रथोत्तमात् ॥४॥

4. saṁjaya uvāca ,
sāditaṁ prekṣya yantāraṁ śalyaḥ sarvāyaṣīṁ gadām ,
samutkṣipya nadankruddhaḥ pracaskanda rathottamāt.

4. saṃjaya uvāca sāditaṃ prekṣya yantāraṃ śalyaḥ sarvāyudhīm
gadām samutkṣipya nadan kruddhaḥ pracaskanda rathottamāt

4. saṃjaya uvāca śalyaḥ yantāraṃ sāditaṃ prekṣya kruddhaḥ
nadan sarvāyudhīm gadām samutkṣipya rathottamāt pracaskanda

4. Saṃjaya said: Seeing his charioteer struck down, Śalya, enraged, roaring, and lifting up his powerful mace, sprang down from his excellent chariot.

Words meanings summery:

• संजय (saṁjaya) - Saṃjaya (a proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• सादितं (sāditaṁ) - struck down, defeated, exhausted, destroyed

• प्रेक्ष्य (prekṣya) - having seen, observing, perceiving

• यन्तारं (yantāraṁ) - charioteer, driver, controller

• शल्यः (śalyaḥ) - Śalya (a proper name)

• सर्वायुधीम् (sarvāyudhīm) - referring to a mace, thus 'powerful' or 'all-weapon-like' (equipped with all weapons, powerful (referring to a mace))

• गदाम् (gadām) - mace, club

• समुत्क्षिप्य (samutkṣipya) - having lifted up, having thrown up

• नदन् (nadan) - roaring, shouting, sounding

• क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - enraged, angry, furious

• प्रचस्कन्द (pracaskanda) - sprang, leaped, rushed

• रथोत्तमात् (rathottamāt) - from the excellent chariot, from the best chariot

Words meanings and morphology

संजय (saṁjaya) - Saṃjaya (a proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Saṃjaya (name of Dhṛtarāṣṭra's charioteer and narrator of the Bhagavad Gītā and parts of the Mahābhārata)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Tense

Root verb 'vac', parasmaipada, perfect tense, 3rd person singular. Irregular perfect form.

Root: vac (class 2)

सादितं (sāditaṁ) - struck down, defeated, exhausted, destroyed

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sādita

sādita - struck down, defeated, destroyed, exhausted, caused to sit

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root 'sad' (to sink, to sit) with 'sa' (or 'ni') prefix and causal meaning, forming a past passive participle.

Prefix: sa

Root: sad (class 1)

प्रेक्ष्य (prekṣya) - having seen, observing, perceiving

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from the root 'īkṣ' (to see) with the prefix 'pra'. Formed with the suffix -ya.

Prefix: pra

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

यन्तारं (yantāraṁ) - charioteer, driver, controller

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yantṛ

yantṛ - charioteer, driver, guide, controller

Agent noun derived from the root 'yam' (to restrain, control).

Root: yam (class 1)

शल्यः (śalyaḥ) - Śalya (a proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śalya

śalya - Śalya (King of Madra, maternal uncle of the Pāṇḍavas, and a great warrior)

सर्वायुधीम् (sarvāyudhīm) - referring to a mace, thus 'powerful' or 'all-weapon-like' (equipped with all weapons, powerful (referring to a mace))

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of sarvāyudhī

sarvāyudhī - equipped with all weapons; (f.) a mace (implying a comprehensive or ultimate weapon)

Feminine form of 'sarvāyudha' (all weapons).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sarva+āyudha)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  pronoun (masculine)
• āyudha – weapon, implement
  noun (neuter)

गदाम् (gadām) - mace, club

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of gadā

gadā - mace, club

समुत्क्षिप्य (samutkṣipya) - having lifted up, having thrown up

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from the root 'kṣip' (to throw) with prefixes 'sam' and 'ud'. Formed with the suffix -ya.

Prefixes: sam+ud

Root: kṣip (class 6)

नदन् (nadan) - roaring, shouting, sounding

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nadat

nadat - roaring, sounding, crying out

Present Active Participle

Derived from the root 'nad' (to roar, sound), 1st class, present active participle.

Root: nad (class 1)

क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - enraged, angry, furious

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kruddha

kruddha - enraged, angry, wrathful

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root 'krudh' (to be angry), past passive participle.

Root: krudh (class 4)

प्रचस्कन्द (pracaskanda) - sprang, leaped, rushed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of skand

Perfect Tense

Root verb 'skand', parasmaipada, 1st class, perfect tense, 3rd person singular, with prefix 'pra'.

Prefix: pra

Root: skand (class 1)

रथोत्तमात् (rathottamāt) - from the excellent chariot, from the best chariot

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of rathottama

rathottama - excellent chariot, best chariot

Compound type : tatpurusha (ratha+uttama)

• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)
• uttama – highest, best, excellent
  adjective (masculine)