महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-14, verse-30

ततो विह्वलमानं तं निःश्वसन्तं पुनः पुनः ।
शल्यमभ्यपतत्तूर्णं कृतवर्मा महारथः ॥३०॥

30. tato vihvalamānaṁ taṁ niḥśvasantaṁ punaḥ punaḥ ,
śalyamabhyapatattūrṇaṁ kṛtavarmā mahārathaḥ.

30. tataḥ vihvalamānam tam niḥśvasantam punaḥ punaḥ
śalyam abhyapatat tūrṇam kṛtavarmā mahārathaḥ

30. tataḥ mahārathaḥ kṛtavarmā tūrṇam vihvalamānam
punaḥ punaḥ niḥśvasantam tam śalyam abhyapatat

30. Then, Kṛtavarmā, the great charioteer, swiftly rushed towards Śalya, who was reeling and repeatedly breathing heavily.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, from there, therefore

• विह्वलमानम् (vihvalamānam) - reeling, staggering, bewildered, unsteady

• तम् (tam) - Śalya (him)

• निःश्वसन्तम् (niḥśvasantam) - sighing, breathing heavily

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, anew, moreover

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, anew, moreover

• शल्यम् (śalyam) - Śalya

• अभ्यपतत् (abhyapatat) - he rushed towards, he fell upon

• तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly, swiftly, immediately

• कृतवर्मा (kṛtavarmā) - Kṛtavarmā (proper name)

• महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - great charioteer, mighty warrior

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, from there, therefore

(indeclinable)

Derived from tad + suffix tas.

विह्वलमानम् (vihvalamānam) - reeling, staggering, bewildered, unsteady

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vi-hval

vi-hval - to reel, to stagger, to be unsteady, to be agitated

Present Middle Participle

From root hval (to go astray, to stumble) with prefix vi.

Prefix: vi

Root: hval (class 1)

तम् (tam) - Śalya (him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Accusative masculine singular.

निःश्वसन्तम् (niḥśvasantam) - sighing, breathing heavily

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nis-śvas

nis-śvas - to sigh, to breathe out, to breathe heavily

Present Active Participle

From root śvas (to breathe) with prefix nis.

Prefix: nis

Root: śvas (class 2)

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, anew, moreover

(indeclinable)

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, anew, moreover

(indeclinable)

Note: Repetition of punaḥ indicates 'again and again' or 'repeatedly'.

शल्यम् (śalyam) - Śalya

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śalya

śalya - (proper name) Śalya (King of Madras, maternal uncle of the Pāṇḍavas, but fighting for Kauravas)

अभ्यपतत् (abhyapatat) - he rushed towards, he fell upon

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of abhi-pat

imperfect tense

3rd person singular imperfect active

Prefix: abhi

Root: pat (class 1)

तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly, swiftly, immediately

(indeclinable)

Accusative singular neuter of tūrṇa (quick) used as an adverb.

Root: tvar (class 1)

कृतवर्मा (kṛtavarmā) - Kṛtavarmā (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛtavarman

kṛtavarman - (proper name) Kṛtavarmā (a Yadava warrior, fighting for the Kauravas)

From kṛta (done) + varman (armor). One whose armor is ready/made.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kṛta+varman)

• kṛta – done, made, performed
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root kṛ (to do, make).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• varman – armor, mail, defensive covering
  noun (neuter)
  From root vṛ (to cover).
  Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - great charioteer, mighty warrior

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāratha

mahāratha - great charioteer, mighty warrior, one who can fight alone against 10,000 archers (title of honor)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective (feminine)
• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)
  From root ram (to delight) or ṛ (to go).
  Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Appositive to Kṛtavarmā.