महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-14, verse-32

ततः सगदमारोप्य मद्राणामधिपं रथम् ।
अपोवाह रणात्तूर्णं कृतवर्मा महारथः ॥३२॥

32. tataḥ sagadamāropya madrāṇāmadhipaṁ ratham ,
apovāha raṇāttūrṇaṁ kṛtavarmā mahārathaḥ.

32. tataḥ sa-gadam āropya madrāṇām adhipam ratham
apovāha raṇāt tūrṇam kṛtavarmā mahārathaḥ

32. tataḥ mahārathaḥ kṛtavarmā madrāṇām adhipam
sa-gadam ratham āropya tūrṇam raṇāt apovāha

32. Then, the great warrior Kṛtavarman, having quickly placed the king of the Madras along with his mace onto his chariot, carried him away from the battle.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

• स-गदम् (sa-gadam) - with mace, armed with a mace

• आरोप्य (āropya) - having placed, having mounted, having caused to ascend

• मद्राणाम् (madrāṇām) - of the Madras, belonging to the Madras (a people/kingdom)

• अधिपम् (adhipam) - the king (Śalya) of the Madras (lord, ruler, king)

• रथम् (ratham) - chariot

• अपोवाह (apovāha) - carried away, took away, removed

• रणात् (raṇāt) - from the battle, from the fight

• तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly, swiftly, immediately

• कृतवर्मा (kṛtavarmā) - Kritavarman (proper name)

• महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - great warrior, one who can fight 10,000 warriors

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

(indeclinable)

Formed from tad with the tas suffix.

स-गदम् (sa-gadam) - with mace, armed with a mace

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sa-gada

sa-gada - having a mace, equipped with a mace

Bahuvrīhi compound of sa (with) and gadā (mace).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+gadā)

• sa – with, together with, possessing
  indeclinable
• gadā – mace, club
  noun (feminine)

Note: Agrees with adhipam.

आरोप्य (āropya) - having placed, having mounted, having caused to ascend

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From root ruh (to ascend, grow) with prefix ā, in causal sense, and lyap suffix.

Prefix: ā

Root: ruh (class 1)

मद्राणाम् (madrāṇām) - of the Madras, belonging to the Madras (a people/kingdom)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of madra

madra - the country of Madra, its people (plural)

Note: Possessive case for 'adhipam'.

अधिपम् (adhipam) - the king (Śalya) of the Madras (lord, ruler, king)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of adhipa

adhipa - lord, master, ruler, king

From adhi (over) and pa (protector, ruler, from pā to protect).

Note: Refers to Śalya.

रथम् (ratham) - chariot

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

Root: ram

Note: The destination of being placed.

अपोवाह (apovāha) - carried away, took away, removed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of apavah

Imperfect (Laṅ-lakāra)

From root vah (to carry, lead) with prefix apa.

Prefix: apa

Root: vah (class 1)

Note: The action of Kṛtavarman.

रणात् (raṇāt) - from the battle, from the fight

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, combat, fight

Root: raṇ (class 1)

तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly, swiftly, immediately

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form of tūrṇa (quick, swift).

Root: tvar

Note: Modifies the action of carrying away.

कृतवर्मा (kṛtavarmā) - Kritavarman (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛtavarman

kṛtavarman - Kritavarman (name of a warrior, son of Hṛdika)

Compound of kṛta (done, made) and varman (armor, protection).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kṛta+varman)

• kṛta – done, made, performed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root kṛ (to do, make).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• varman – armor, mail, protection
  noun (neuter)

महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - great warrior, one who can fight 10,000 warriors

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāratha

mahāratha - great charioteer, great warrior (one capable of fighting 10,000 warriors)

Karmadhāraya compound of mahā (great) and ratha (chariot/warrior).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• ratha – chariot, warrior (charioteer)
  noun (masculine)