महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-128, verse-4

रथिनां रथिभिः सार्धं रुधिरस्रावि दारुणम् ।
प्रावर्तत महद्युद्धं निघ्नतामितरेतरम् ॥४॥

4. rathināṁ rathibhiḥ sārdhaṁ rudhirasrāvi dāruṇam ,
prāvartata mahadyuddhaṁ nighnatāmitaretaram.

4. rathinām rathibhiḥ sārdham rudhirasrāvi dāruṇam
prāvartata mahat yuddham nighnatām itaretaram

4. mahat yuddham rudhirasrāvi dāruṇam rathinām
rathibhiḥ sārdham itaretaram nighnatām prāvartata

4. A great and dreadful battle, flowing with blood, began between charioteers, as they struck down one another.

Words meanings summery:

• रथिनाम् (rathinām) - of charioteers

• रथिभिः (rathibhiḥ) - by charioteers, with charioteers

• सार्धम् (sārdham) - together with, along with

• रुधिरस्रावि (rudhirasrāvi) - blood-flowing, bloody, oozing blood

• दारुणम् (dāruṇam) - terrible, dreadful, fierce

• प्रावर्तत (prāvartata) - it began, it commenced, it proceeded

• महत् (mahat) - great, large, immense

• युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle, combat, war

• निघ्नताम् (nighnatām) - of those striking, of those killing

• इतरेतरम् (itaretaram) - each other, mutually, reciprocally

Words meanings and morphology

रथिनाम् (rathinām) - of charioteers

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of rathin

rathin - charioteer, mounted on a chariot

From 'ratha' (chariot) + '-in' suffix.

रथिभिः (rathibhiḥ) - by charioteers, with charioteers

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of rathin

rathin - charioteer, mounted on a chariot

From 'ratha' (chariot) + '-in' suffix.

Note: Used with sārdham, which governs the instrumental case.

सार्धम् (sārdham) - together with, along with

(indeclinable)

रुधिरस्रावि (rudhirasrāvi) - blood-flowing, bloody, oozing blood

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rudhirasrāvin

rudhirasrāvin - flowing with blood, bloody

From 'rudhira' (blood) and root 'sru' (to flow) with -in suffix.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rudhira+srāvin)

• rudhira – blood
  noun (neuter)
• srāvin – flowing, oozing
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root 'sru' (to flow) with '-vin' suffix.
  Root: sru (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'yuddham'.

दारुणम् (dāruṇam) - terrible, dreadful, fierce

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dāruṇa

dāruṇa - dreadful, terrible, fearful

Note: Qualifies 'yuddham'.

प्रावर्तत (prāvartata) - it began, it commenced, it proceeded

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of pravṛt

Imperfect

3rd person singular Imperfect middle voice, formed with upasarga 'pra'.

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)

महत् (mahat) - great, large, immense

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty

Stem 'mahat', neuter nominative singular.

Note: Qualifies 'yuddham'.

युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle, combat, war

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

Past Passive Participle

From root 'yudh' (to fight) + -ta suffix, used as a noun.

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Subject of 'prāvartata'.

निघ्नताम् (nighnatām) - of those striking, of those killing

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of nighnat

han - to strike, kill, smite

Present Active Participle

Formed from root 'han' with prefix 'ni' (nighnat is the stem), genitive plural.

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Qualifies implied 'them' (the charioteers).

इतरेतरम् (itaretaram) - each other, mutually, reciprocally

(indeclinable)

Reduplicated compound of 'itara' (other), here used adverbially.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (itara+itara)

• itara – other, another
  pronoun (masculine)

Note: Adverbial usage.