महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-128, verse-12

सैन्धवस्य वधेनैव भृशं दुःखसमन्वितः ।
मर्तव्यमिति संचिन्त्य प्राविशत्तु द्विषद्बलम् ॥१२॥

12. saindhavasya vadhenaiva bhṛśaṁ duḥkhasamanvitaḥ ,
martavyamiti saṁcintya prāviśattu dviṣadbalam.

12. saindhavasya vadhena eva bhṛśam duḥkhasamanvitaḥ
martavyam iti saṃcintya prāviśat tu dviṣat balam

12. (saḥ) saiḿdhavasya vadhena eva bhr̥śaḿ duḥkhasamanvitaḥ
martavyam iti saḿcintya tu dviṣat balam prāviśat

12. Indeed, deeply afflicted by sorrow due to Saindhava's death, and thinking 'I must die,' he entered the army of his enemies.

Words meanings summery:

• सैन्धवस्य (saindhavasya) - of Saindhava (Jayadratha), who was killed by Arjuna (of Saindhava, of Jayadratha)

• वधेन (vadhena) - by the death (of Saindhava) (by the killing, by the slaying, by the death)

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly (emphasizes the cause) (indeed, only, certainly, even)

• भृशम् (bhṛśam) - deeply, intensely (greatly, exceedingly, intensely)

• दुःखसमन्वितः (duḥkhasamanvitaḥ) - deeply afflicted with sorrow (afflicted with sorrow, accompanied by grief)

• मर्तव्यम् (martavyam) - 'I must die' (expressing resolve for self-sacrifice) (it is to be died, one must die, destined to die)

• इति (iti) - marking the end of a quoted thought ("thus") (thus, so, in this way)

• संचिन्त्य (saṁcintya) - having firmly resolved, having thought (having reflected, having considered, having thought deeply)

• प्राविशत् (prāviśat) - he entered (the army) (he entered, he went into)

• तु (tu) - indeed (emphasizing the action) (but, indeed, however)

• द्विषत् (dviṣat) - enemy (qualifies 'balam' within the compound) (enemy, foe, hostile)

• बलम् (balam) - army (of the enemies) (army, force, strength)

Words meanings and morphology

सैन्धवस्य (saindhavasya) - of Saindhava (Jayadratha), who was killed by Arjuna (of Saindhava, of Jayadratha)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of saindhava

saindhava - relating to the Sindhu region, a horse of Sindhu, a salt, Jayadratha (king of Sindhu)

Derived from `Sindhu` + `aṇ` (adjectival/possessive suffix)

Note: Dependent on `vadhena`

वधेन (vadhena) - by the death (of Saindhava) (by the killing, by the slaying, by the death)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vadha

vadha - striking, killing, slaying, death, destruction

From root `vadh` (to strike, kill)

Root: vadh (class 1)

Note: Indicates the cause of sorrow

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly (emphasizes the cause) (indeed, only, certainly, even)

(indeclinable)

भृशम् (bhṛśam) - deeply, intensely (greatly, exceedingly, intensely)

(indeclinable)

दुःखसमन्वितः (duḥkhasamanvitaḥ) - deeply afflicted with sorrow (afflicted with sorrow, accompanied by grief)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duḥkhasamanvita

duḥkhasamanvita - afflicted with sorrow, accompanied by pain/misery

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (duḥkha+samanvita)

• duḥkha – pain, sorrow, misery, suffering
  noun (neuter)
• samanvita – accompanied by, connected with, endowed with
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root `i` (to go) with prefixes `sam-` and `anu-` and suffix `kta`.
  Prefixes: sam+anu
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject (Duryodhana)

मर्तव्यम् (martavyam) - 'I must die' (expressing resolve for self-sacrifice) (it is to be died, one must die, destined to die)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of martavya

martavya - to be died, destined to die, mortal

Gerundive / Potential Passive Participle

Derived from root `mṛ` (to die) with suffix `tavya`.

Root: mṛ (class 6)

Note: The thought expressed by Duryodhana.

इति (iti) - marking the end of a quoted thought ("thus") (thus, so, in this way)

(indeclinable)

संचिन्त्य (saṁcintya) - having firmly resolved, having thought (having reflected, having considered, having thought deeply)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root `cit` (to perceive, think) with prefix `sam-` and suffix `lyap` (after a prefix).

Prefix: sam

Root: cit (class 10)

प्राविशत् (prāviśat) - he entered (the army) (he entered, he went into)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of praviś

Imperfect (Laṅ)

3rd person singular active voice, with prefix `pra-`.

Prefix: pra

Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

तु (tu) - indeed (emphasizing the action) (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

द्विषत् (dviṣat) - enemy (qualifies 'balam' within the compound) (enemy, foe, hostile)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dviṣat

dviṣat - hating, hostile, enemy, foe

Present Active Participle

Derived from root `dviṣ` (to hate) with suffix `śatṛ`.

Root: dviṣ (class 2)

Note: This is part of `dviṣadbalam`. The form `dviṣat` is the stem, here parsed as a distinct word for `roman_words_no_sandhi` before `balam`.

बलम् (balam) - army (of the enemies) (army, force, strength)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bala

bala - strength, power, force, army, host

Note: Object of `prāviśat`. Together with `dviṣat`, forms `dviṣatbalam`.