महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-128, verse-26

तस्य तान्निघ्नतः शत्रून्रुक्मपृष्ठं महद्धनुः ।
भल्लाभ्यां पाण्डवो ज्येष्ठस्त्रिधा चिच्छेद मारिष ॥२६॥

26. tasya tānnighnataḥ śatrūnrukmapṛṣṭhaṁ mahaddhanuḥ ,
bhallābhyāṁ pāṇḍavo jyeṣṭhastridhā ciccheda māriṣa.

26. tasya tān nighnataḥ śatrūn rukmapṛṣṭham mahat dhanuḥ
bhallābhyām pāṇḍavaḥ jyeṣṭhaḥ tridhā ciccheda māriṣa

26. māriṣa tasya tān śatrūn nighnataḥ jyeṣṭhaḥ pāṇḍavaḥ
rukmapṛṣṭham mahat dhanuḥ bhallābhyām tridhā ciccheda

26. O venerable one (māriṣa), as he was striking down those enemies, the eldest Pandava (pāṇḍava) broke his great, gold-backed bow into three pieces with two broad-headed arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्य (tasya) - his (referring to the warrior from previous verses) (his, its, of that (person/thing))

• तान् (tān) - those (enemies) (those, them)

• निघ्नतः (nighnataḥ) - while striking down, as he was slaying (striking, slaying, killing (genitive singular))

• शत्रून् (śatrūn) - enemies (enemies, foes)

• रुक्मपृष्ठम् (rukmapṛṣṭham) - gold-backed (bow) (gold-backed, having a gold back)

• महत् (mahat) - great (bow) (great, large, important)

• धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow

• भल्लाभ्याम् (bhallābhyām) - with two broad-headed arrows

• पाण्डवः (pāṇḍavaḥ) - the Pandava (Yudhishthira, as 'eldest') (a descendant of Pandu, a Pandava)

• ज्येष्ठः (jyeṣṭhaḥ) - the eldest (Pandava) (eldest, chief, best)

• त्रिधा (tridhā) - into three pieces (in three ways, threefold, into three pieces)

• चिच्छेद (ciccheda) - he broke (the bow) (he cut, he broke, he severed)

• मारिष (māriṣa) - O venerable one (a form of address) (O venerable one, O respected one)

Words meanings and morphology

तस्य (tasya) - his (referring to the warrior from previous verses) (his, its, of that (person/thing))

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the agent of 'nighnataḥ'.

तान् (tān) - those (enemies) (those, them)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Agrees with śatrūn.

निघ्नतः (nighnataḥ) - while striking down, as he was slaying (striking, slaying, killing (genitive singular))

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of nighnat

nighnat - striking, slaying, killing

Present Active Participle

From prefix ni- + root √han (to strike, slay) + śatṛ suffix.

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Describes the implied subject of the action of striking.

शत्रून् (śatrūn) - enemies (enemies, foes)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of śatru

śatru - enemy, foe, rival

Note: Object of 'nighnataḥ'.

रुक्मपृष्ठम् (rukmapṛṣṭham) - gold-backed (bow) (gold-backed, having a gold back)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rukmapṛṣṭha

rukmapṛṣṭha - having a back of gold, gold-backed

Compound.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (rukma+pṛṣṭha)

• rukma – gold, glittering, bright
  noun (neuter)
• pṛṣṭha – back, surface, upper side
  noun (neuter)
  From root √pṛṣ (to sprinkle, support).
  Root: pṛṣ

Note: Agrees with dhanuḥ.

महत् (mahat) - great (bow) (great, large, important)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, extensive, important, mighty

Root √mah (to grow, be great) + at suffix.

Root: mah

Note: Agrees with dhanuḥ.

धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dhanus

dhanus - bow

Note: Object of 'ciccheda'.

भल्लाभ्याम् (bhallābhyām) - with two broad-headed arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, dual of bhalla

bhalla - broad-headed arrow, dart

Note: Means "with two bhalla arrows".

पाण्डवः (pāṇḍavaḥ) - the Pandava (Yudhishthira, as 'eldest') (a descendant of Pandu, a Pandava)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pandu, son of Pandu, a Pandava.

Derived from Paṇḍu.

Note: Subject of 'ciccheda'.

ज्येष्ठः (jyeṣṭhaḥ) - the eldest (Pandava) (eldest, chief, best)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jyeṣṭha

jyeṣṭha - eldest, oldest, chief, best, most excellent

Superlative form of vṛddha (old).

त्रिधा (tridhā) - into three pieces (in three ways, threefold, into three pieces)

(indeclinable)

From tri (three) + dhā suffix (forming adverbs of manner).

Note: Modifies ciccheda.

चिच्छेद (ciccheda) - he broke (the bow) (he cut, he broke, he severed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of chid

Perfect tense, active voice

From root √chid (to cut). Perfect third person singular, reduplicated form.

Root: chid (class 7)

मारिष (māriṣa) - O venerable one (a form of address) (O venerable one, O respected one)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of māriṣa

māriṣa - venerable one, respected one, sir (a respectful term of address).

Note: Often used by a narrator addressing a listener or elder.