महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-128, verse-17

पर्यधावन्त पाञ्चाला वध्यमाना महात्मना ।
रुक्मपुङ्खैः प्रसन्नाग्रैस्तव पुत्रेण धन्विना ।
अर्द्यमानाः शरैस्तूर्णं न्यपतन्पाण्डुसैनिकाः ॥१७॥

17. paryadhāvanta pāñcālā vadhyamānā mahātmanā ,
rukmapuṅkhaiḥ prasannāgraistava putreṇa dhanvinā ,
ardyamānāḥ śaraistūrṇaṁ nyapatanpāṇḍusainikāḥ.

17. paryadhāvanta pāñcālāḥ vadhyamānāḥ
mahātmanā rukmapuṅkhaiḥ prasannāgraiḥ
tava putreṇa dhanvinā ardyamānāḥ
śaraiḥ tūrṇam nyapatan pāṇḍusainikāḥ

17. pāñcālāḥ mahātmanā tava putreṇa dhanvinā vadhyamānāḥ paryadhāvanta; pāṇḍusainikāḥ rukmapuṅkhaiḥ prasannāgraiḥ śaraiḥ tūrṇam ardyamānāḥ nyapatan.

17. The Pāñcālas ran about, being slain by your great-souled son, the archer. The Pāṇḍava soldiers, quickly tormented by arrows with golden shafts and keen tips, fell down.

Words meanings summery:

• पर्यधावन्त (paryadhāvanta) - they ran about, they fled, they dispersed

• पाञ्चालाः (pāñcālāḥ) - the Pañcālas (people of the Pañcāla kingdom)

• वध्यमानाः (vadhyamānāḥ) - being slain, being killed

• महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by Duryodhana (by the great-souled one, by the noble one)

• रुक्मपुङ्खैः (rukmapuṅkhaiḥ) - with golden-feathered (arrows), with arrows having golden shafts

• प्रसन्नाग्रैः (prasannāgraiḥ) - with clean/bright tips, with sharp/keen points

• तव (tava) - your

• पुत्रेण (putreṇa) - by the son

• धन्विना (dhanvinā) - by the archer, by the wielder of a bow

• अर्द्यमानाः (ardyamānāḥ) - being tormented, being oppressed, being afflicted

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - by arrows, with arrows

• तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly, swiftly, immediately

• न्यपतन् (nyapatan) - they fell down, they dropped

• पाण्डुसैनिकाः (pāṇḍusainikāḥ) - the Pāṇḍava soldiers, soldiers of the Pāṇḍavas

Words meanings and morphology

पर्यधावन्त (paryadhāvanta) - they ran about, they fled, they dispersed

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of pari-dhāv

Imperfect (past tense)

Prefix: pari

Root: dhāv (class 1)

पाञ्चालाः (pāñcālāḥ) - the Pañcālas (people of the Pañcāla kingdom)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pāñcāla

pāñcāla - belonging to the Pañcāla country, a man of Pañcāla

वध्यमानाः (vadhyamānāḥ) - being slain, being killed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vadhyamāna

vadhyamāna - being slain, in the process of being killed

Present Passive Participle

Derived from the root han (to strike, kill), with secondary root vadh, in passive voice.

Root: han (class 2)

महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by Duryodhana (by the great-souled one, by the noble one)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, magnificent, a great being

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahat+ātman)

• mahat – great, large, noble
  adjective (neuter)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence (ātman)
  noun (masculine)

रुक्मपुङ्खैः (rukmapuṅkhaiḥ) - with golden-feathered (arrows), with arrows having golden shafts

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of rukmapuṅkha

rukmapuṅkha - having golden feathers/shafts

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (rukma+puṅkha)

• rukma – gold, golden
  noun (neuter)
• puṅkha – feathered part of an arrow, shaft
  noun (masculine)

प्रसन्नाग्रैः (prasannāgraiḥ) - with clean/bright tips, with sharp/keen points

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of prasannāgra

prasannāgra - having clear/bright tips, having keen points

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (prasanna+agra)

• prasanna – clear, bright, serene, sharp (of an edge)
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Prefix: pra
  Root: sad (class 1)
• agra – tip, point, front
  noun (neuter)

तव (tava) - your

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

पुत्रेण (putreṇa) - by the son

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son

धन्विना (dhanvinā) - by the archer, by the wielder of a bow

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dhanvin

dhanvin - archer, armed with a bow

अर्द्यमानाः (ardyamānāḥ) - being tormented, being oppressed, being afflicted

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ardyamāna

ardyamāna - being tormented, being harassed, being distressed

Present Passive Participle

Derived from the root ṛd (to torment, distress) in passive voice.

Root: ṛd (class 1)

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - by arrows, with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow

तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly, swiftly, immediately

(indeclinable)

न्यपतन् (nyapatan) - they fell down, they dropped

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of ni-pat

Imperfect (past tense)

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)

पाण्डुसैनिकाः (pāṇḍusainikāḥ) - the Pāṇḍava soldiers, soldiers of the Pāṇḍavas

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍusainika

pāṇḍusainika - a soldier of the Pāṇḍavas

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pāṇḍu+sainika)

• pāṇḍu – Pandu (father of the Pandavas), pale
  proper noun (masculine)
• sainika – soldier, pertaining to an army
  noun (masculine)