महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-71, verse-23

प्रतीयू रथिनो नागान्नागाश्च रथिनो ययुः ।
हयारोहा हयारोहान्रथिनश्चापि सादिनः ॥२३॥

23. pratīyū rathino nāgānnāgāśca rathino yayuḥ ,
hayārohā hayārohānrathinaścāpi sādinaḥ.

23. pratīyū rathinaḥ nāgān nāgāḥ ca rathinaḥ yayuḥ
hayārohāḥ hayārohān rathinaḥ ca api sādinaḥ

23. rathinaḥ nāgān pratīyū nāgāḥ ca rathinaḥ yayuḥ
hayārohāḥ hayārohān yayuḥ rathinaḥ ca api sādinaḥ yayuḥ

23. Charioteers advanced against elephants, and elephants advanced against charioteers. Horsemen attacked horsemen. And charioteers also attacked other riders.

Words meanings summery:

• प्रतीयू (pratīyū) - they attacked, they advanced against

• रथिनः (rathinaḥ) - charioteers, those who ride chariots

• नागान् (nāgān) - elephants

• नागाः (nāgāḥ) - elephants

• च (ca) - and

• रथिनः (rathinaḥ) - charioteers, those who ride chariots

• ययुः (yayuḥ) - They attacked. (they went, they advanced)

• हयारोहाः (hayārohāḥ) - horse-riders, cavalrymen

• हयारोहान् (hayārohān) - horse-riders, cavalrymen

• रथिनः (rathinaḥ) - charioteers, those who ride chariots

• च (ca) - and

• अपि (api) - also, even

• सादिनः (sādinaḥ) - Other types of riders (e.g., horsemen if `hayārohāḥ` were generic, or foot-soldiers if other categories are covered). Here, likely accusative plural, object of implied `yayuḥ`. (riders, horsemen, foot-soldiers)

Words meanings and morphology

प्रतीयू (pratīyū) - they attacked, they advanced against

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (Lit) of i

Perfect (Lit)

3rd person plural perfect active, with prefix `prati`. `pratīyū` is an epic variant of `pratīyuḥ`.

Prefix: prati

Root: i (class 2)

रथिनः (rathinaḥ) - charioteers, those who ride chariots

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rathin

rathin - Charioteer, warrior fighting from a chariot

From `ratha` (chariot) + `in` (possessive suffix)

Note: Subject of `pratīyū`. Also functions as accusative in the second clause.

नागान् (nāgān) - elephants

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of nāga

nāga - Serpent, snake; elephant; a class of mythical beings

Note: Object of `pratīyū`.

नागाः (nāgāḥ) - elephants

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nāga

nāga - Serpent, snake; elephant; a class of mythical beings

Note: Subject of `yayuḥ`.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

रथिनः (rathinaḥ) - charioteers, those who ride chariots

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of rathin

rathin - Charioteer, warrior fighting from a chariot

From `ratha` (chariot) + `in` (possessive suffix)

Note: Object of `yayuḥ` (when `nāgāḥ` is subject). Also functions as nominative in the first clause.

ययुः (yayuḥ) - They attacked. (they went, they advanced)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (Lit) of yā

Perfect (Lit)

3rd person plural perfect active.

Root: yā (class 2)

हयारोहाः (hayārohāḥ) - horse-riders, cavalrymen

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hayāroha

hayāroha - Horse-rider, cavalryman

Compound: `haya` (horse) + `āroha` (rider)

Compound type : tatpurusha (haya+āroha)

• haya – Horse
  noun (masculine)
• āroha – Rider, climbing, ascending
  noun (masculine)
  Verbal noun
  From root `ruh` with prefix `ā`
  Prefix: ā
  Root: ruh (class 1)

Note: Subject of implied verb.

हयारोहान् (hayārohān) - horse-riders, cavalrymen

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of hayāroha

hayāroha - Horse-rider, cavalryman

Compound: `haya` (horse) + `āroha` (rider)

Compound type : tatpurusha (haya+āroha)

• haya – Horse
  noun (masculine)
• āroha – Rider, climbing, ascending
  noun (masculine)
  Verbal noun
  From root `ruh` with prefix `ā`
  Prefix: ā
  Root: ruh (class 1)

Note: Object of implied verb.

रथिनः (rathinaḥ) - charioteers, those who ride chariots

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rathin

rathin - Charioteer, warrior fighting from a chariot

From `ratha` (chariot) + `in` (possessive suffix)

Note: Subject for the last phrase.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even

(indeclinable)

सादिनः (sādinaḥ) - Other types of riders (e.g., horsemen if `hayārohāḥ` were generic, or foot-soldiers if other categories are covered). Here, likely accusative plural, object of implied `yayuḥ`. (riders, horsemen, foot-soldiers)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sādin

sādin - Rider (horseman, elephant-rider), foot-soldier, charioteer

From root `sad` (to sit) + `in` (possessive suffix)

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Object of implied `yayuḥ` (with `rathinaḥ` as subject).