महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-71, verse-21

श्रुतायुश्च शतायुश्च सौमदत्तिश्च मारिष ।
व्यूहस्य जघने तस्थू रक्षमाणाः परस्परम् ॥२१॥

21. śrutāyuśca śatāyuśca saumadattiśca māriṣa ,
vyūhasya jaghane tasthū rakṣamāṇāḥ parasparam.

21. śrutāyuḥ ca śatāyuḥ ca saumadattiḥ ca māriṣa
vyūhasya jaghane tasthū rakṣamāṇāḥ parasparam

21. māriṣa śrutāyuḥ ca śatāyuḥ ca saumadattiḥ ca
vyūhasya jaghane parasparam rakṣamāṇāḥ tasthū

21. O respected one, Shrutayu, Shatayu, and Saumadatti stood at the rear of the formation, protecting one another.

Words meanings summery:

• श्रुतायुः (śrutāyuḥ) - Shrutayu (proper noun)

• च (ca) - and

• शतायुः (śatāyuḥ) - Shatayu (proper noun)

• च (ca) - and

• सौमदत्तिः (saumadattiḥ) - Refers to Bhurishravas. (Saumadatti (proper noun, son of Somadatta))

• च (ca) - and

• मारिष (māriṣa) - A term of address, like 'sir' or 'lord'. (O respected one, O venerable one)

• व्यूहस्य (vyūhasya) - of the formation, of the array, of the battle formation

• जघने (jaghane) - in the rear, at the back

• तस्थू (tasthū) - they stood, they were positioned

• रक्षमाणाः (rakṣamāṇāḥ) - protecting, guarding

• परस्परम् (parasparam) - mutually, each other, one another

Words meanings and morphology

श्रुतायुः (śrutāyuḥ) - Shrutayu (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śrutāyu

śrutāyu - Name of a king or warrior (literally "whose life is heard of" or "famous for his age")

Compound type : bahuvrihi (śruta+āyu)

• śruta – Heard, famous, celebrated
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root śru
  Root: śru (class 5)
• āyu – Life, duration of life, vital power
  noun (neuter)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

शतायुः (śatāyuḥ) - Shatayu (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śatāyu

śatāyu - Name of a king or warrior (literally "having a hundred lives/ages")

Compound type : bahuvrihi (śata+āyu)

• śata – A hundred
  numeral (neuter)
• āyu – Life, duration of life, vital power
  noun (neuter)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

सौमदत्तिः (saumadattiḥ) - Refers to Bhurishravas. (Saumadatti (proper noun, son of Somadatta))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saumadatti

saumadatti - Son of Somadatta

Patronymic derived from Somadatta

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

मारिष (māriṣa) - A term of address, like 'sir' or 'lord'. (O respected one, O venerable one)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of māriṣa

māriṣa - A respectful form of address, O revered one, O dear one

व्यूहस्य (vyūhasya) - of the formation, of the array, of the battle formation

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vyūha

vyūha - Array, battle-array, disposition of troops, formation

From `vi-ūh` (root `ūh` to move, combine)

Prefix: vi

Root: ūh (class 1)

Note: Possessive, 'of the formation'

जघने (jaghane) - in the rear, at the back

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of jaghana

jaghana - The hip, the hind part, the rear

Note: Denotes location.

तस्थू (tasthū) - they stood, they were positioned

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (Lit) of sthā

Perfect (Lit)

3rd person plural perfect active. `tasthuḥ` is the more common form, `tasthū` is an attested variant in epic Sanskrit.

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Refers to Shrutayu, Shatayu, and Saumadatti.

रक्षमाणाः (rakṣamāṇāḥ) - protecting, guarding

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rakṣamāṇa

rakṣamāṇa - Protecting, guarding, defending

Present Participle Middle

From root `rakṣ` (class 1, Bhvādi)

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

Note: Describes the subjects' action while standing.

परस्परम् (parasparam) - mutually, each other, one another

(indeclinable)

Note: Acts as object for `rakṣamāṇāḥ`.