महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-70, verse-32

ते हि दुर्योधनादिष्टास्तदा पार्थनिबर्हणे ।
संप्राप्यैव गता नाशं शलभा इव पावकम् ॥३२॥

32. te hi duryodhanādiṣṭāstadā pārthanibarhaṇe ,
saṁprāpyaiva gatā nāśaṁ śalabhā iva pāvakam.

32. te hi duryodhanādiṣṭāḥ tadā pārthanibarhaṇe
saṃprāpya eva gatāḥ nāśam śalabhāḥ iva pāvakam

32. hi tadā duryodhanādiṣṭāḥ pārthanibarhaṇe te
śalabhāḥ pāvakam iva nāśam saṃprāpya eva gatāḥ

32. For indeed, those (warriors) who were commanded by Duryodhana then, intent on destroying Arjuna, reached destruction, just like moths entering a fire.

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - Refers to the twenty-five thousand great warriors mentioned in the previous verse. (they, those)

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, surely

• दुर्योधनादिष्टाः (duryodhanādiṣṭāḥ) - commanded by Duryodhana

• तदा (tadā) - At the time of the battle described in the previous verse. (then, at that time)

• पार्थनिबर्हणे (pārthanibarhaṇe) - The specific purpose for which Duryodhana's warriors were sent. (for the destruction of Arjuna)

• संप्राप्य (saṁprāpya) - Having reached their destruction. (having reached, having attained)

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly

• गताः (gatāḥ) - They met their end, they went to destruction. (gone, reached)

• नाशम् (nāśam) - destruction, ruin, loss

• शलभाः (śalabhāḥ) - moths, locusts

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• पावकम् (pāvakam) - The destructive fire, into which the moths fly. (fire)

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - Refers to the twenty-five thousand great warriors mentioned in the previous verse. (they, those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Subject of the sentence, referring to the warriors.

हि (hi) - indeed, for, surely

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle, giving a causal or explanatory sense.

दुर्योधनादिष्टाः (duryodhanādiṣṭāḥ) - commanded by Duryodhana

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of duryodhanādiṣṭa

duryodhanādiṣṭa - commanded/instructed by Duryodhana

Past Passive Participle (compound)

Compound of 'Duryodhana' (proper name) and 'ādiṣṭa' (commanded). 'ādiṣṭa' is from 'ā-diś' (to command).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (duryodhana+ādiṣṭa)

• duryodhana – Duryodhana (proper name)
  proper noun (masculine)
• ādiṣṭa – commanded, ordered, instructed
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'diś' (to point, direct) with prefix 'ā'.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: diś (class 6)

Note: Qualifies 'te' (the warriors).

तदा (tadā) - At the time of the battle described in the previous verse. (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of time.

पार्थनिबर्हणे (pārthanibarhaṇe) - The specific purpose for which Duryodhana's warriors were sent. (for the destruction of Arjuna)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of pārthanibarhaṇa

pārthanibarhaṇa - destruction of Arjuna

Compound of 'pārtha' (Arjuna) and 'nibarhaṇa' (destruction). 'nibarhaṇa' is from 'ni-bṛh' (to destroy).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pārtha+nibarhaṇa)

• pārtha – Arjuna (son of Pṛthā/Kuntī)
  proper noun (masculine)
  Patronymic from Pṛthā.
• nibarhaṇa – destruction, killing
  noun (neuter)
  Agent noun / Action noun
  From root 'bṛh' (to tear, destroy) with prefix 'ni'.
  Prefix: ni
  Root: bṛh (class 6)

Note: Indicates purpose or aim.

संप्राप्य (saṁprāpya) - Having reached their destruction. (having reached, having attained)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root 'āp' (to obtain, reach) with prefixes 'sam' and 'pra'. Formed with suffix '-ya'.

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Used with 'eva' for emphasis: 'having indeed reached'.

एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes the preceding word 'saṃprāpya'.

गताः (gatāḥ) - They met their end, they went to destruction. (gone, reached)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gata

gata - gone, departed, reached, understood

Past Passive Participle

From root 'gam' (to go).

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Functions as a predicate adjective with 'te'.

नाशम् (nāśam) - destruction, ruin, loss

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nāśa

nāśa - destruction, ruin, loss, disappearance

From root 'naś' (to perish).

Root: naś (class 4)

Note: Direct object of the action implied by 'gatāḥ' (went to destruction).

शलभाः (śalabhāḥ) - moths, locusts

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śalabha

śalabha - moth, grasshopper, locust

Note: Part of the simile 'like moths'.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle indicating comparison.

पावकम् (pāvakam) - The destructive fire, into which the moths fly. (fire)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pāvaka

pāvaka - fire, pure, purifying

From root 'pū' (to purify).

Root: pū (class 1)

Note: Object of comparison for 'śalabhāḥ' (moths into fire).