महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-70, verse-18

अपराह्णे महाराज संग्रामस्तुमुलोऽभवत् ।
एकस्य च बहूनां च समेतानां रणाजिरे ॥१८॥

18. aparāhṇe mahārāja saṁgrāmastumulo'bhavat ,
ekasya ca bahūnāṁ ca sametānāṁ raṇājire.

18. aparāhṇe mahā-rāja saṃgrāmaḥ tumulaḥ abhavat
ekasya ca bahūnām ca sametānām raṇa-ajire

18. mahā-rāja aparāhṇe raṇa-ajire ekasya ca
bahūnām ca sametānām tumulaḥ saṃgrāmaḥ abhavat

18. O great king, in the afternoon, a tumultuous battle took place in the battleground between one and many who had gathered.

Words meanings summery:

• अपराह्णे (aparāhṇe) - in the afternoon, at the afternoon

• महा-राज (mahā-rāja) - Addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra by Sañjaya. (O great king, great ruler)

• संग्रामः (saṁgrāmaḥ) - battle, war, conflict, fight

• तुमुलः (tumulaḥ) - tumultuous, violent, fierce, noisy

• अभवत् (abhavat) - happened, occurred, became, took place

• एकस्य (ekasya) - Refers to Abhimanyu. (of one, belonging to one)

• च (ca) - and, also

• बहूनाम् (bahūnām) - Refers to the many opposing warriors. (of many, belonging to many)

• च (ca) - and, also

• समेतानाम् (sametānām) - of those who had met, of those who had gathered, of the assembled

• रण-अजिरे (raṇa-ajire) - in the battleground, in the field of battle

Words meanings and morphology

अपराह्णे (aparāhṇe) - in the afternoon, at the afternoon

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of aparāhṇa

aparāhṇa - afternoon, latter part of the day

Compound of apara (later) + ahna (day).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (apara+ahan)

• apara – later, posterior, other, subsequent
  adjective
• ahan – day
  noun (neuter)

Note: Specifies the time of the battle.

महा-राज (mahā-rāja) - Addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra by Sañjaya. (O great king, great ruler)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahā-rāja

mahā-rāja - great king, emperor, sovereign

Karmadhāraya compound ('mahān rājā' - a great king).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, mighty, large, extensive
  adjective
• rājan – king, ruler, sovereign
  noun (masculine)

संग्रामः (saṁgrāmaḥ) - battle, war, conflict, fight

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃgrāma

saṁgrāma - battle, war, conflict, fight, encounter

Derived from prefix sam + root grām (to meet, conflict).

Prefix: sam

Root: grām

Note: Subject of the verb 'abhavat'.

तुमुलः (tumulaḥ) - tumultuous, violent, fierce, noisy

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tumula

tumula - tumultuous, noisy, boisterous, fierce, violent

Note: Qualifies 'saṃgrāmaḥ'.

अभवत् (abhavat) - happened, occurred, became, took place

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Imperfect (Laṅ)

Third person singular active, past tense.

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

एकस्य (ekasya) - Refers to Abhimanyu. (of one, belonging to one)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of eka

eka - one, a single, unique, principal, chief

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Connects 'ekasya' and 'bahūnām'.

बहूनाम् (bahūnām) - Refers to the many opposing warriors. (of many, belonging to many)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of bahu

bahu - many, much, numerous, abundant

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Connects 'ekasya' and 'bahūnām'.

समेतानाम् (sametānām) - of those who had met, of those who had gathered, of the assembled

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of sameta

sameta - assembled, met, joined, united, gathered

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root i (to go) with prefix sam + kta (past participle suffix).

Prefix: sam

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'ekasya' and 'bahūnām' collectively.

रण-अजिरे (raṇa-ajire) - in the battleground, in the field of battle

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of raṇa-ajira

raṇa-ajira - battleground, battlefield, arena of combat

Tatpuruṣa compound ('raṇasya ajiram' - courtyard of battle).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (raṇa+ajira)

• raṇa – battle, fight, combat, war
  noun (masculine)
  Root: raṇ (class 1)
• ajira – courtyard, open ground, field, arena
  noun (neuter)

Note: Specifies the location where the battle took place.