महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-70, verse-16

साध्विदं कथ्यते वीरा यदेवं मतिरद्य वः ।
युध्यध्वं सहिता यत्ता निहनिष्यामि वो रणे ॥१६॥

16. sādhvidaṁ kathyate vīrā yadevaṁ matiradya vaḥ ,
yudhyadhvaṁ sahitā yattā nihaniṣyāmi vo raṇe.

16. sādhu idam kathyate vīrāḥ yat evam matiḥ adya vaḥ
yudhyadhvam sahitāḥ yattāḥ nihaniṣyāmi vaḥ raṇe

16. vīrāḥ adya vaḥ matiḥ evam yat idam sādhu kathyate
sahitāḥ yattāḥ yudhyadhvam raṇe vaḥ nihaniṣyāmi

16. This is well said, O heroes, that such is your resolve today. Fight, united and prepared! I shall surely strike you down in battle.

Words meanings summery:

• साधु (sādhu) - Expressing approval of the heroes' challenge. (good, well, excellent, proper)

• इदम् (idam) - Refers to the heroes' statement (the challenge). (this)

• कथ्यते (kathyate) - is said, is told

• वीराः (vīrāḥ) - Addressed to the opponents. (O heroes! O brave ones!)

• यत् (yat) - Introducing a subordinate clause explaining 'this' ('idam'). (that, which, because)

• एवम् (evam) - Emphasizes the nature of the heroes' intention. (thus, in this manner, so)

• मतिः (matiḥ) - Refers to the heroes' current determination to fight. (mind, thought, intention, resolve)

• अद्य (adya) - Emphasizes the current moment of decision. (today, now)

• वः (vaḥ) - Possessive (your) in the first clause. (your (plural), to you (plural), by you (plural), you (accusative plural))

• युध्यध्वम् (yudhyadhvam) - An instruction/challenge from the speaker to the heroes. (fight! (plural))

• सहिताः (sahitāḥ) - Describes the state of the heroes as they are challenged to fight. (united, together, accompanied)

• यत्ताः (yattāḥ) - Describes the state of the heroes as they are challenged to fight. (prepared, ready, attentive, striving)

• निहनिष्यामि (nihaniṣyāmi) - A direct threat to the opponents. (I will strike down, I will kill, I will destroy)

• वः (vaḥ) - Refers to the opponents (accusative plural). (you (plural), to you (plural))

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in war

Words meanings and morphology

साधु (sādhu) - Expressing approval of the heroes' challenge. (good, well, excellent, proper)

(indeclinable)

U-stem adjective/indeclinable.

Root: sādh (class 5)

Note: Functions as 'well' or 'good'.

इदम् (idam) - Refers to the heroes' statement (the challenge). (this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this here

Demonstrative pronoun, neuter.

Note: Subject of 'kathyate'.

कथ्यते (kathyate) - is said, is told

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of kath

Present, 3rd person singular, passive voice.

From root 'kath' (class 10, normally active, but here passive using 'yak' affix).

Root: kath (class 10)

वीराः (vīrāḥ) - Addressed to the opponents. (O heroes! O brave ones!)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, plural of vīra

vīra - hero, brave man, warrior

A-stem masculine noun.

यत् (yat) - Introducing a subordinate clause explaining 'this' ('idam'). (that, which, because)

(indeclinable)

Relative pronoun, neuter singular nominative/accusative. Also functions as a conjunction.

Note: Conjunction.

एवम् (evam) - Emphasizes the nature of the heroes' intention. (thus, in this manner, so)

(indeclinable)

Adverb.

मतिः (matiḥ) - Refers to the heroes' current determination to fight. (mind, thought, intention, resolve)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of mati

mati - mind, thought, intelligence, opinion, resolve, intention

I-stem feminine noun. From root 'man' (to think).

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Subject of implied 'is'.

अद्य (adya) - Emphasizes the current moment of decision. (today, now)

(indeclinable)

Adverb of time.

वः (vaḥ) - Possessive (your) in the first clause. (your (plural), to you (plural), by you (plural), you (accusative plural))

(pronoun)

Genitive, plural of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular, plural, dual)

Enclitic form of the second person plural pronoun. Can be genitive, dative, or accusative.

युध्यध्वम् (yudhyadhvam) - An instruction/challenge from the speaker to the heroes. (fight! (plural))

(verb)

2nd person , plural, middle, imperative (loṭ) of yudh

Imperative, 2nd person plural, middle voice.

From root 'yudh' (class 4).

Root: yudh (class 4)

सहिताः (sahitāḥ) - Describes the state of the heroes as they are challenged to fight. (united, together, accompanied)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sahita

sahita - accompanied, joined, united, together

Past Passive Participle

Derived from 'saha' (with) or root 'hi' (to send) with 'sa'.

Prefix: sa

Root: hi (class 3)

यत्ताः (yattāḥ) - Describes the state of the heroes as they are challenged to fight. (prepared, ready, attentive, striving)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yatta

yatta - prepared, ready, attentive, controlled, striving

Past Passive Participle

From root 'yat' (to strive, be ready) or 'yam' (to restrain) with prefix 'ā'.

Root: yat (class 1)

निहनिष्यामि (nihaniṣyāmi) - A direct threat to the opponents. (I will strike down, I will kill, I will destroy)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of nihan

Future, 1st person singular, active voice.

From root 'han' (to strike, kill) with prefix 'ni'.

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

वः (vaḥ) - Refers to the opponents (accusative plural). (you (plural), to you (plural))

(pronoun)

Accusative, plural of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular, plural, dual)

Enclitic form of the second person plural pronoun. Can be genitive, dative, or accusative.

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, combat, conflict

A-stem masculine noun. From root 'raṇ' (to rejoice, to sound).

Root: raṇ (class 1)

Note: Location of the action.