महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-70, verse-31

लोहितायति चादित्ये त्वरमाणो धनंजयः ।
पञ्चविंशतिसाहस्रान्निजघान महारथान् ॥३१॥

31. lohitāyati cāditye tvaramāṇo dhanaṁjayaḥ ,
pañcaviṁśatisāhasrānnijaghāna mahārathān.

31. lohitāyati ca āditye tvaramāṇaḥ dhanaṃjayaḥ
pañcaviṃśatisāhasrān nijaghāna mahārathān

31. ca āditye lohitāyati tvaramāṇaḥ dhanaṃjayaḥ
pañcaviṃśatisāhasrān mahārathān nijaghāna

31. And as the sun was turning red, Arjuna (Dhanaṃjaya), hastening, struck down twenty-five thousand great warriors.

Words meanings summery:

• लोहितायति (lohitāyati) - Referring to the setting sun. (becoming red, turning red)

• च (ca) - and, also

• आदित्ये (āditye) - Referring to the setting sun. (in the sun, when the sun)

• त्वरमाणः (tvaramāṇaḥ) - hastening, rushing, hurrying

• धनंजयः (dhanaṁjayaḥ) - Referring to Arjuna, one of the Pāṇḍava brothers. (Arjuna, conqueror of wealth)

• पञ्चविंशतिसाहस्रान् (pañcaviṁśatisāhasrān) - Twenty-five thousand great warriors. (twenty-five thousand)

• निजघान (nijaghāna) - he killed, he struck down

• महारथान् (mahārathān) - great warriors, great charioteers

Words meanings and morphology

लोहितायति (lohitāyati) - Referring to the setting sun. (becoming red, turning red)

(participle)

Locative, masculine, singular of lohitāyat

lohitāyat - becoming red

Present Active Participle (Denominative)

From the denominative verb 'lohitāya' (to be red), derived from 'lohita' (red). Used in locative absolute construction.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction, connecting clauses.

आदित्ये (āditye) - Referring to the setting sun. (in the sun, when the sun)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of āditya

āditya - sun, son of Aditi

Note: Subject of the locative absolute construction 'āditye lohitāyati'.

त्वरमाणः (tvaramāṇaḥ) - hastening, rushing, hurrying

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tvaramāṇa

tvaramāṇa - hastening, hurrying

Present Middle Participle

From root 'tvar' (to hasten).

Root: tvar (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'dhanaṃjayaḥ'.

धनंजयः (dhanaṁjayaḥ) - Referring to Arjuna, one of the Pāṇḍava brothers. (Arjuna, conqueror of wealth)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhanaṃjaya

dhanaṁjaya - Arjuna, conqueror of wealth, fire

Compound of 'dhana' (wealth) and 'jaya' (conqueror).

Compound type : upapada tatpuruṣa (dhana+jaya)

• dhana – wealth, riches, property
  noun (neuter)
• jaya – victory, conquest, conqueror
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'ji' (to conquer).
  Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'nijaghāna'.

पञ्चविंशतिसाहस्रान् (pañcaviṁśatisāhasrān) - Twenty-five thousand great warriors. (twenty-five thousand)

(numeral)

Compound type : dvandva / karmadhāraya (pañcaviṃśati+sāhasra)

• pañcaviṃśati – twenty-five
  numeral (feminine)
• sāhasra – thousand
  numeral (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'mahārathān'.

निजघान (nijaghāna) - he killed, he struck down

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of ni-han

Perfect tense

Root 'han' (to strike, kill) with prefix 'ni'. Forms perfect tense 'jaghāna'.

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

महारथान् (mahārathān) - great warriors, great charioteers

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of mahāratha

mahāratha - great chariot, great warrior, commander of many chariots

Compound of 'mahā' (great) and 'ratha' (chariot/warrior).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (masculine)
• ratha – chariot, warrior (who fights from a chariot)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Direct object of 'nijaghāna'.