महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-57, verse-8

स द्रौणिमिषुणैकेन विद्ध्वा शल्यं च पञ्चभिः ।
ध्वजं सांयमनेश्चापि सोऽष्टाभिरपवर्जयत् ॥८॥

8. sa drauṇimiṣuṇaikena viddhvā śalyaṁ ca pañcabhiḥ ,
dhvajaṁ sāṁyamaneścāpi so'ṣṭābhirapavarjayat.

8. sa drauṇim iṣuṇā ekena viddhvā śalyam ca pañcabhiḥ
dhvajam sāmyamaneḥ ca api saḥ aṣṭābhiḥ apavarjayat

8. saḥ ekena iṣuṇā drauṇim viddhvā,
ca pañcabhiḥ (iṣubhiḥ) śalyam (viddhvā),
ca api sāmyamaneḥ dhvajam saḥ aṣṭābhiḥ (iṣubhiḥ) apavarjayat.

8. He (Abhimanyu), having pierced Drona's son (Drauni) with one arrow and Shalya with five, also cut down the banner of Satyaki with eight arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - he, that

• द्रौणिम् (drauṇim) - Ashvatthama (Drona's son)

• इषुणा (iṣuṇā) - with an arrow

• एकेन (ekena) - by one, with one

• विद्ध्वा (viddhvā) - having pierced, having struck

• शल्यम् (śalyam) - Shalya (proper noun)

• च (ca) - and, also

• पञ्चभिः (pañcabhiḥ) - by five, with five

• ध्वजम् (dhvajam) - banner, flag

• साम्यमनेः (sāmyamaneḥ) - of Satyaki (of Saṃyamani's son)

• च (ca) - and, also

• अपि (api) - also, even

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• अष्टाभिः (aṣṭābhiḥ) - by eight, with eight

• अपवर्जयत् (apavarjayat) - he removed, he cut off, he caused to fall

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun, nominative singular masculine.

Note: Refers to Abhimanyu.

द्रौणिम् (drauṇim) - Ashvatthama (Drona's son)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of drauṇi

drauṇi - son of Drona

Patronymic from Drona.

Note: Object of 'viddhvā'.

इषुणा (iṣuṇā) - with an arrow

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of iṣu

iṣu - arrow

Note: Indicates instrument.

एकेन (ekena) - by one, with one

(numeral)

Note: Modifies 'iṣuṇā'.

विद्ध्वा (viddhvā) - having pierced, having struck

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root vyadh (to pierce, class 4) with suffix -tvā. The root 'vyadh' becomes 'vidh' in some contexts.

Root: vyadh (class 4)

Note: Connects the action of piercing to the main verb 'apavarjayat'.

शल्यम् (śalyam) - Shalya (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śalya

śalya - Shalya (name of a king, brother of Madri)

Note: Object of implied 'viddhvā'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

पञ्चभिः (pañcabhiḥ) - by five, with five

(numeral)

Note: Implies 'pañcabhiḥ iṣubhiḥ' (with five arrows).

ध्वजम् (dhvajam) - banner, flag

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhvaja

dhvaja - banner, flag, standard

Note: Object of 'apavarjayat'.

साम्यमनेः (sāmyamaneḥ) - of Satyaki (of Saṃyamani's son)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of sāmyamani

sāmyamani - son of Saṃyamana (i.e. Satyaki)

Patronymic from Saṃyamana.

Note: Modifies 'dhvajam'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

अपि (api) - also, even

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes the preceding word.

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun, nominative singular masculine.

Note: Refers to Abhimanyu, reiterates the subject.

अष्टाभिः (aṣṭābhiḥ) - by eight, with eight

(numeral)

Note: Implies 'aṣṭābhiḥ iṣubhiḥ' (with eight arrows).

अपवर्जयत् (apavarjayat) - he removed, he cut off, he caused to fall

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of apavarj

Imperfect Active (causative)

Root vṛj (to abandon, avoid) with prefix apa and causative suffix -i. Third person singular imperfect active.

Prefix: apa

Root: vṛj (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.