महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-57, verse-5

पीडयानं च तत्सैन्यं पौत्रं तव विशां पते ।
दृष्ट्वा त्वदीया राजेन्द्र समन्तात्पर्यवारयन् ॥५॥

5. pīḍayānaṁ ca tatsainyaṁ pautraṁ tava viśāṁ pate ,
dṛṣṭvā tvadīyā rājendra samantātparyavārayan.

5. pīḍayānam ca tat sainyam pautram tava viśām pati
dṛṣṭvā tvadīyā rājendra samantāt paryavārayan

5. viśām pati rājendra,
(ca) tat sainyam tava pautram pīḍayānam dṛṣṭvā,
tvadīyāḥ samantāt paryavārayan

5. O lord of the people, seeing that army tormenting your grandson, your warriors, O great king, surrounded him from all sides.

Words meanings summery:

• पीडयानम् (pīḍayānam) - tormenting, afflicting, oppressing

• च (ca) - and, also

• तत् (tat) - that

• सैन्यम् (sainyam) - army, host

• पौत्रम् (pautram) - Abhimanyu (the grandson of Dhritarashtra, son of Arjuna) (grandson)

• तव (tava) - your

• विशाम् (viśām) - of the people, of the subjects

• पति (pati) - O lord (addressed to Dhritarashtra) (O lord)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• त्वदीया (tvadīyā) - your (Kaurava) warriors (your own (people), those belonging to you)

• राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - O Dhritarashtra (O great king, O best of kings)

• समन्तात् (samantāt) - from all sides, all around

• पर्यवारयन् (paryavārayan) - they surrounded, they encompassed

Words meanings and morphology

पीडयानम् (pīḍayānam) - tormenting, afflicting, oppressing

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pīḍayāna

pīḍayāna - tormenting, afflicting, oppressing

Present Active Participle (causative)

Derived from root pīḍ (class 10) with causative suffix -i and śānac suffix, used here as an adjective in accusative singular masculine.

Root: pīḍ (class 10)

Note: Modifies 'pautram'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun, nominative/accusative singular neuter.

Note: Modifies 'sainyam'.

सैन्यम् (sainyam) - army, host

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sainya

sainya - army, host, military

Derived from 'senā' (army).

Note: Subject of 'pīḍayānam'.

पौत्रम् (pautram) - Abhimanyu (the grandson of Dhritarashtra, son of Arjuna) (grandson)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pautra

pautra - grandson (son's son or daughter's son)

Note: Object of 'pīḍayānam'.

तव (tava) - your

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of tvad

tvad - you

Second person pronoun, genitive singular.

Note: Possessive adjective modifying 'pautram'.

विशाम् (viśām) - of the people, of the subjects

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of viś

viś - people, subject, settlement

Note: Part of the vocative compound 'viśāmpati'.

पति (pati) - O lord (addressed to Dhritarashtra) (O lord)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of viśāmpati

viśāmpati - lord of the people, king

Compound of viś (people) and pati (lord).

Compound type : genitive tatpurusha (viś+pati)

• viś – people, subject, settlement
  noun (feminine)
• pati – lord, master, husband
  noun (masculine)

Note: Addressed to Dhritarashtra.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root dṛś with suffix -tvā.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Connects the action of seeing to the main verb 'paryavārayan'.

त्वदीया (tvadīyā) - your (Kaurava) warriors (your own (people), those belonging to you)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tvadīya

tvadīya - your own, yours, belonging to you

Derived from 'tvad' (you) with possessive suffix -īya. Used here as a nominalized adjective.

Note: Refers to Duryodhana's (Dhritarashtra's) warriors. The final 'ḥ' of 'tvadīyāḥ' is optionally dropped in poetry or before certain consonants.

राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - O Dhritarashtra (O great king, O best of kings)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājendra

rājendra - chief of kings, great king

Compound of rājan (king) + indra (chief).

Compound type : tatpurusha (rājan+indra)

• rājan – king, sovereign
  noun (masculine)
• indra – Indra (chief deity), chief, best
  noun (masculine)

Note: Addressed to Dhritarashtra.

समन्तात् (samantāt) - from all sides, all around

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form of 'samanta' (all-round).

Note: Modifies 'paryavārayan'.

पर्यवारयन् (paryavārayan) - they surrounded, they encompassed

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of paryavar

Imperfect Active

Root vṛ (to cover, enclose) with prefixes pari and ava. Third person plural imperfect active.

Prefixes: pari+ava

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.