महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-16, verse-16

महेन्द्र दानवान्हत्वा लोकास्त्रातास्त्वया विभो ।
अपां फेनं समासाद्य विष्णुतेजोपबृंहितम् ।
त्वया वृत्रो हतः पूर्वं देवराज जगत्पते ॥१६॥

16. mahendra dānavānhatvā lokāstrātāstvayā vibho ,
apāṁ phenaṁ samāsādya viṣṇutejopabṛṁhitam ,
tvayā vṛtro hataḥ pūrvaṁ devarāja jagatpate.

16. mahendra dānavān hatvā lokāḥ trātāḥ
tvayā vibho apām phenam samāsādya
viṣṇutejas upabṛṃhitam tvayā vṛtraḥ
hataḥ pūrvam devarāja jagatpate

16. O great Indra (Mahendra), O all-pervading lord (vibhu)! Having slain the Dānavas, the worlds were saved by you. Earlier, O king of gods (devarāja), lord of the world (jagatpati), you killed Vṛtra by taking the foam of the waters, which was empowered by Viṣṇu's energy.

Words meanings summery:

• महेन्द्र (mahendra) - O great Indra, addressed with reverence (great Indra, the mighty Indra)

• दानवान् (dānavān) - the specific demons known as Dānavas (Dānavas (a class of demons))

• हत्वा (hatvā) - after successfully killing (having killed, having slain)

• लोकाः (lokāḥ) - the various planes of existence (worlds, realms)

• त्राताः (trātāḥ) - were protected and preserved (saved, protected, rescued)

• त्वया (tvayā) - by you (Indra) (by you)

• विभो (vibho) - O lord (Indra), possessing great power (O all-pervading one, O lord, O powerful one)

• अपाम् (apām) - of the water, specifically the primordial waters (of waters)

• फेनम् (phenam) - the foam that rose from the waters (foam, froth)

• समासाद्य (samāsādya) - after acquiring or using (having obtained, having reached, having taken)

• विष्णुतेजस् (viṣṇutejas) - the divine power emanating from Viṣṇu (Viṣṇu's energy/power/splendor)

• उपबृंहितम् (upabṛṁhitam) - infused with and empowered by (Viṣṇu's energy) (strengthened, augmented, supported)

• त्वया (tvayā) - by you (Indra) (by you)

• वृत्रः (vṛtraḥ) - the specific demon Vṛtra (Vṛtra (name of a demon))

• हतः (hataḥ) - was killed (killed, slain)

• पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - in ancient times, on a previous occasion (before, previously, formerly)

• देवराज (devarāja) - O Indra, as the ruler of the gods (O king of gods)

• जगत्पते (jagatpate) - O Indra, as the protector/ruler of the universe (O lord of the world)

Words meanings and morphology

महेन्द्र (mahendra) - O great Indra, addressed with reverence (great Indra, the mighty Indra)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahendra

mahendra - the great Indra, chief of gods

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mahā+indra)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• indra – Indra (name of a deity)
  proper noun (masculine)

दानवान् (dānavān) - the specific demons known as Dānavas (Dānavas (a class of demons))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of dānava

dānava - a Dānava (son of Danu), a demon

हत्वा (hatvā) - after successfully killing (having killed, having slain)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root han

Root: han (class 2)

लोकाः (lokāḥ) - the various planes of existence (worlds, realms)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of loka

loka - world, realm, people

Root: loc

Note: Subject of 'trātāḥ' (saved).

त्राताः (trātāḥ) - were protected and preserved (saved, protected, rescued)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of trāta

trāta - saved, protected, rescued

Past Passive Participle

From root trā

Root: trā (class 2)

Note: Functions as main verb 'were saved'.

त्वया (tvayā) - by you (Indra) (by you)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Agent in passive construction.

विभो (vibho) - O lord (Indra), possessing great power (O all-pervading one, O lord, O powerful one)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vibhu

vibhu - all-pervading, powerful, lord, sovereign

Root: bhū

अपाम् (apām) - of the water, specifically the primordial waters (of waters)

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of ap

ap - water

Always plural

फेनम् (phenam) - the foam that rose from the waters (foam, froth)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of phena

phena - foam, froth, scum

समासाद्य (samāsādya) - after acquiring or using (having obtained, having reached, having taken)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root sad with prefixes sam-ā

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: sad (class 1)

विष्णुतेजस् (viṣṇutejas) - the divine power emanating from Viṣṇu (Viṣṇu's energy/power/splendor)

(noun)

neuter, singular of viṣṇutejas

viṣṇutejas - energy of Viṣṇu, splendor of Viṣṇu

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (viṣṇu+tejas)

• viṣṇu – Viṣṇu (name of a deity)
  proper noun (masculine)
• tejas – splendor, energy, power, brilliance
  noun (neuter)

Note: First part of compound viṣṇutejopabṛṃhitam.

उपबृंहितम् (upabṛṁhitam) - infused with and empowered by (Viṣṇu's energy) (strengthened, augmented, supported)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of upabṛṃhita

upabṛṁhita - strengthened, supported, augmented, caused to grow

Past Passive Participle

From root bṛh with prefix upa

Prefix: upa

Root: bṛh (class 1)

Note: Adjective for 'phenam'. The compound 'viṣṇutejopabṛṃhitam' functions as an adjective modifying 'phenam'.

त्वया (tvayā) - by you (Indra) (by you)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Agent in passive construction.

वृत्रः (vṛtraḥ) - the specific demon Vṛtra (Vṛtra (name of a demon))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛtra

vṛtra - Vṛtra (a Vedic demon, personification of drought)

Root: vṛt

Note: Subject of 'hataḥ'.

हतः (hataḥ) - was killed (killed, slain)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - killed, struck, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

From root han

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Functions as main verb 'was killed'.

पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - in ancient times, on a previous occasion (before, previously, formerly)

(indeclinable)

Can also be an adverb 'formerly'.

Note: Adverb.

देवराज (devarāja) - O Indra, as the ruler of the gods (O king of gods)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of devarāja

devarāja - king of gods, Indra

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (deva+rājan)

• deva – god
  noun (masculine)
  Root: div
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj

जगत्पते (jagatpate) - O Indra, as the protector/ruler of the universe (O lord of the world)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of jagatpati

jagatpati - lord of the world, ruler of the universe

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jagat+pati)

• jagat – world, universe, moving
  noun (neuter)
  Root: gam
• pati – master, lord, husband
  noun (masculine)
  Root: pā