महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-54, verse-27

ततो हा हेति सहसा शब्दो मुक्तो नराधिपैः ।
देवैर्महर्षिभिश्चैव साधु साध्विति भारत ।
विस्मितैरीरितः शब्दः प्रशंसद्भिर्नलं नृपम् ॥२७॥

27. tato hā heti sahasā śabdo mukto narādhipaiḥ ,
devairmaharṣibhiścaiva sādhu sādhviti bhārata ,
vismitairīritaḥ śabdaḥ praśaṁsadbhirnalaṁ nṛpam.

27. tataḥ hā hā iti sahasā śabdaḥ muktaḥ
narādhipaiḥ devaiḥ maharṣibhiḥ ca eva
sādhu sādhu iti bhārata vismitaiḥ
īritaḥ śabdaḥ praśaṃsadbhiḥ nalam nṛpam

27. O Bhārata, then suddenly, a cry of 'Alas! Alas!' was uttered by the kings. And by the astonished gods and great sages, a sound of 'Excellent! Excellent!' was spoken, praising King Nala.

27. אז נשמעה לפתע קריאת צער מפי המלכים, ואילו האלים והחכמים הגדולים קראו בתדהמה ובשבח למלך נַלַה, יפה מאוד, יפה מאוד, הו צאצא בְּהָארַטַה.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

• हा (hā) - alas!, ah!, oh!

• हा (hā) - alas!, ah!, oh!

• इति (iti) - thus, so saying, quotation marker

• सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, abruptly, forcibly

• शब्दः (śabdaḥ) - sound, cry, word

• मुक्तः (muktaḥ) - uttered, released, set free

• नराधिपैः (narādhipaiḥ) - by the kings, by the rulers of men

• देवैः (devaiḥ) - by the gods

• महर्षिभिः (maharṣibhiḥ) - by the great sages

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

• साधु (sādhu) - excellent!, good!, well done!

• साधु (sādhu) - excellent!, good!, well done!

• इति (iti) - thus, so saying, quotation marker

• भारत (bhārata) - O Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O descendant of Bharata, O Bhārata)

• विस्मितैः (vismitaiḥ) - by the astonished ones, by those who were amazed

• ईरितः (īritaḥ) - uttered, spoken, discharged

• शब्दः (śabdaḥ) - sound, cry, word

• प्रशंसद्भिः (praśaṁsadbhiḥ) - by those praising, by the praisers

• नलम् (nalam) - Nala

• नृपम् (nṛpam) - king

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

(indeclinable)

Ablative suffix `tas`.

हा (hā) - alas!, ah!, oh!

(indeclinable)

हा (hā) - alas!, ah!, oh!

(indeclinable)

इति (iti) - thus, so saying, quotation marker

(indeclinable)

सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, abruptly, forcibly

(indeclinable)

शब्दः (śabdaḥ) - sound, cry, word

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śabda

śabda - sound, noise, voice, word

मुक्तः (muktaḥ) - uttered, released, set free

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mukta

mukta - released, set free, uttered

Past Passive Participle

From root `muc` (to release) with `kta` suffix.

Root: muc (class 6)

Note: Qualifies `śabdaḥ`.

नराधिपैः (narādhipaiḥ) - by the kings, by the rulers of men

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of narādhipa

narādhipa - ruler of men, king, prince

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+adhipa)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – ruler, lord, master
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agent of `muktaḥ`.

देवैः (devaiḥ) - by the gods

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of deva

deva - god, deity, divine being

Note: Agent of `īritaḥ`.

महर्षिभिः (maharṣibhiḥ) - by the great sages

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of maharṣi

maharṣi - great sage, seer

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ṛṣi)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective (feminine)
• ṛṣi – sage, seer, inspired poet
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agent of `īritaḥ`.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

(indeclinable)

साधु (sādhu) - excellent!, good!, well done!

(indeclinable)

साधु (sādhu) - excellent!, good!, well done!

(indeclinable)

इति (iti) - thus, so saying, quotation marker

(indeclinable)

भारत (bhārata) - O Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O descendant of Bharata, O Bhārata)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, relating to Bharata, India

Patronymic from Bharata.

विस्मितैः (vismitaiḥ) - by the astonished ones, by those who were amazed

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vismita

vismita - astonished, amazed, surprised

Past Passive Participle

From root `smi` (to smile) with prefix `vi-` and suffix `kta`.

Prefix: vi

Root: smi (class 1)

ईरितः (īritaḥ) - uttered, spoken, discharged

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of īrita

īrita - spoken, uttered, sent forth, discharged

Past Passive Participle

From root `īr` (to move, to stir, to utter) with `kta` suffix.

Root: īr (class 2)

Note: Qualifies `śabdaḥ` (the second instance of 'sound').

शब्दः (śabdaḥ) - sound, cry, word

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śabda

śabda - sound, noise, voice, word

प्रशंसद्भिः (praśaṁsadbhiḥ) - by those praising, by the praisers

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of praśaṃsat

praśaṁsat - praising, eulogizing

Present Active Participle

From verb root `śaṃs` (to praise) with prefix `pra-` and active participle suffix `śatṛ`.

Prefix: pra

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

नलम् (nalam) - Nala

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nala

nala - Nala (a mythical king)

Note: Object of `praśaṃsadbhiḥ`.

नृपम् (nṛpam) - king

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, monarch

From `nṛ` (man) and `pa` (protector), meaning 'protector of men'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛ+pa)

• nṛ – man, male
  noun (masculine)
• pa – protector, guardian
  noun (masculine)
  From root `pā` (to protect).
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Qualifies `nalam`.

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