महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-54, verse-27

ततो हा हेति सहसा शब्दो मुक्तो नराधिपैः ।
देवैर्महर्षिभिश्चैव साधु साध्विति भारत ।
विस्मितैरीरितः शब्दः प्रशंसद्भिर्नलं नृपम् ॥२७॥

27. tato hā heti sahasā śabdo mukto narādhipaiḥ ,
devairmaharṣibhiścaiva sādhu sādhviti bhārata ,
vismitairīritaḥ śabdaḥ praśaṁsadbhirnalaṁ nṛpam.

27. tataḥ hā hā iti sahasā śabdaḥ muktaḥ
narādhipaiḥ devaiḥ maharṣibhiḥ ca eva
sādhu sādhu iti bhārata vismitaiḥ
īritaḥ śabdaḥ praśaṃsadbhiḥ nalam nṛpam

27. O Bhārata, then suddenly, a cry of 'Alas! Alas!' was uttered by the kings. And by the astonished gods and great sages, a sound of 'Excellent! Excellent!' was spoken, praising King Nala.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

• हा (hā) - alas!, ah!, oh!

• हा (hā) - alas!, ah!, oh!

• इति (iti) - thus, so saying, quotation marker

• सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, abruptly, forcibly

• शब्दः (śabdaḥ) - sound, cry, word

• मुक्तः (muktaḥ) - uttered, released, set free

• नराधिपैः (narādhipaiḥ) - by the kings, by the rulers of men

• देवैः (devaiḥ) - by the gods

• महर्षिभिः (maharṣibhiḥ) - by the great sages

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

• साधु (sādhu) - excellent!, good!, well done!

• साधु (sādhu) - excellent!, good!, well done!

• इति (iti) - thus, so saying, quotation marker

• भारत (bhārata) - O Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O descendant of Bharata, O Bhārata)

• विस्मितैः (vismitaiḥ) - by the astonished ones, by those who were amazed

• ईरितः (īritaḥ) - uttered, spoken, discharged

• शब्दः (śabdaḥ) - sound, cry, word

• प्रशंसद्भिः (praśaṁsadbhiḥ) - by those praising, by the praisers

• नलम् (nalam) - Nala

• नृपम् (nṛpam) - king

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

(indeclinable)

Ablative suffix `tas`.

हा (hā) - alas!, ah!, oh!

(indeclinable)

हा (hā) - alas!, ah!, oh!

(indeclinable)

इति (iti) - thus, so saying, quotation marker

(indeclinable)

सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, abruptly, forcibly

(indeclinable)

शब्दः (śabdaḥ) - sound, cry, word

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śabda

śabda - sound, noise, voice, word

मुक्तः (muktaḥ) - uttered, released, set free

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mukta

mukta - released, set free, uttered

Past Passive Participle

From root `muc` (to release) with `kta` suffix.

Root: muc (class 6)

Note: Qualifies `śabdaḥ`.

नराधिपैः (narādhipaiḥ) - by the kings, by the rulers of men

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of narādhipa

narādhipa - ruler of men, king, prince

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+adhipa)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – ruler, lord, master
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agent of `muktaḥ`.

देवैः (devaiḥ) - by the gods

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of deva

deva - god, deity, divine being

Note: Agent of `īritaḥ`.

महर्षिभिः (maharṣibhiḥ) - by the great sages

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of maharṣi

maharṣi - great sage, seer

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ṛṣi)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective (feminine)
• ṛṣi – sage, seer, inspired poet
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agent of `īritaḥ`.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

(indeclinable)

साधु (sādhu) - excellent!, good!, well done!

(indeclinable)

साधु (sādhu) - excellent!, good!, well done!

(indeclinable)

इति (iti) - thus, so saying, quotation marker

(indeclinable)

भारत (bhārata) - O Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O descendant of Bharata, O Bhārata)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, relating to Bharata, India

Patronymic from Bharata.

विस्मितैः (vismitaiḥ) - by the astonished ones, by those who were amazed

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vismita

vismita - astonished, amazed, surprised

Past Passive Participle

From root `smi` (to smile) with prefix `vi-` and suffix `kta`.

Prefix: vi

Root: smi (class 1)

ईरितः (īritaḥ) - uttered, spoken, discharged

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of īrita

īrita - spoken, uttered, sent forth, discharged

Past Passive Participle

From root `īr` (to move, to stir, to utter) with `kta` suffix.

Root: īr (class 2)

Note: Qualifies `śabdaḥ` (the second instance of 'sound').

शब्दः (śabdaḥ) - sound, cry, word

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śabda

śabda - sound, noise, voice, word

प्रशंसद्भिः (praśaṁsadbhiḥ) - by those praising, by the praisers

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of praśaṃsat

praśaṁsat - praising, eulogizing

Present Active Participle

From verb root `śaṃs` (to praise) with prefix `pra-` and active participle suffix `śatṛ`.

Prefix: pra

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

नलम् (nalam) - Nala

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nala

nala - Nala (a mythical king)

Note: Object of `praśaṃsadbhiḥ`.

नृपम् (nṛpam) - king

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, monarch

From `nṛ` (man) and `pa` (protector), meaning 'protector of men'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛ+pa)

• nṛ – man, male
  noun (masculine)
• pa – protector, guardian
  noun (masculine)
  From root `pā` (to protect).
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Qualifies `nalam`.