महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-54, verse-23

सापश्यद्विबुधान्सर्वानस्वेदान्स्तब्धलोचनान् ।
हृषितस्रग्रजोहीनान्स्थितानस्पृशतः क्षितिम् ॥२३॥

23. sāpaśyadvibudhānsarvānasvedānstabdhalocanān ,
hṛṣitasragrajohīnānsthitānaspṛśataḥ kṣitim.

23. sā apaśyat vibudhān sarvān asvedān stabdhālocanān
hṛṣitasragrajohīnān sthitān aspṛśataḥ kṣitim

23. She saw all the gods: they were without sweat, had unwavering eyes, possessed fresh garlands, were free from dust, and stood without their feet touching the ground.

23. היא ראתה את כל האלים ללא זיעה, בעיניים בלתי מצמצות, עם זרים רעננים ונקיים מאבק, עומדים בלי לגעת באדמה.

Words meanings summery:

• सा (sā) - Damayantī (she)

• अपश्यत् (apaśyat) - she saw

• विबुधान् (vibudhān) - the gods, the wise ones

• सर्वान् (sarvān) - all, entire

• अस्वेदान् (asvedān) - without sweat, sweatless

• स्तब्धालोचनान् (stabdhālocanān) - with fixed gaze, with unwavering eyes

• हृषितस्रग्रजोहीनान् (hṛṣitasragrajohīnān) - with fresh garlands and free from dust

• स्थितान् (sthitān) - standing, situated

• अस्पृशतः (aspṛśataḥ) - not touching, without touching

• क्षितिम् (kṣitim) - the earth, ground

Words meanings and morphology

सा (sā) - Damayantī (she)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, it

Feminine nominative singular of tad.

Note: Refers to Damayantī.

अपश्यत् (apaśyat) - she saw

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of paś

Imperfect Active

From root dṛś (to see), with paś as present stem, imperfect a-paś-yat.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

विबुधान् (vibudhān) - the gods, the wise ones

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vibudha

vibudha - wise, learned, intelligent, a god, a deity

From vi (prefix) + budh (to know, awaken).

Prefix: vi

Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Object of apaśyat.

सर्वान् (sarvān) - all, entire

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

Note: Agrees with vibudhān.

अस्वेदान् (asvedān) - without sweat, sweatless

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of asveda

asveda - sweatless, without perspiration

Negative compound (a-) with sveda (sweat).

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+sveda)

• a – not, un- (negative prefix)
  indeclinable
• sveda – sweat, perspiration
  noun (masculine)
  Root: svid (class 1)

Note: Agrees with vibudhān.

स्तब्धालोचनान् (stabdhālocanān) - with fixed gaze, with unwavering eyes

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of stabdhālocana

stabdhālocana - having fixed eyes, with an unwavering gaze

Compound: stabdhā (feminine of stabdha, fixed) + locana (eye). Stabdha is PPP of stambh (to fix, make rigid).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (stabdha+locana)

• stabdha – fixed, motionless, rigid
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  PPP of stambh (to fix, make rigid)
  Root: stambh (class 5)
• locana – eye, seeing
  noun (neuter)
  Root: loc (class 10)

Note: Agrees with vibudhān.

हृषितस्रग्रजोहीनान् (hṛṣitasragrajohīnān) - with fresh garlands and free from dust

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of hṛṣitasragrajohīna

hṛṣitasragrajohīna - having fresh garlands and being free from dust

Compound of hṛṣitasrak (fresh garland) and rajohīna (free from dust).

Compound type : dvandva-bahuvrīhi hybrid (hṛṣitasrak+rajohīna)

• hṛṣitasrak – fresh garland
  adjective
• rajohīna – free from dust
  adjective

Note: Agrees with vibudhān.

स्थितान् (sthitān) - standing, situated

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sthita

sthita - stood, standing, situated, existing

Past Passive Participle

From root sthā (to stand).

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with vibudhān.

अस्पृशतः (aspṛśataḥ) - not touching, without touching

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, plural of aspṛśat

aspṛśat - not touching

Present Active Participle

From a- (negative) + spṛś (to touch) + at suffix. Accusative plural masculine form.

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+spṛśat)

• a – not, un- (negative prefix)
  indeclinable
• spṛśat – touching
  participle
  Present Active Participle
  Present active participle of spṛś (to touch).
  Root: spṛś (class 6)

Note: Modifies vibudhān via sthitān.

क्षितिम् (kṣitim) - the earth, ground

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kṣiti

kṣiti - earth, ground, land, dwelling

From root kṣi (to dwell, rule, waste).

Root: kṣi (class 2)

Note: Object of aspṛśataḥ.

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