महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-54, verse-21

निशम्य दमयन्त्यास्तत्करुणं परिदेवितम् ।
निश्चयं परमं तथ्यमनुरागं च नैषधे ॥२१॥

21. niśamya damayantyāstatkaruṇaṁ paridevitam ,
niścayaṁ paramaṁ tathyamanurāgaṁ ca naiṣadhe.

21. niśamya damayantyāḥ tat karuṇam paridevitam
niścayam paramam tatyam anurāgam ca naiṣadhe

21. Having perceived Damayantī's pitiful lament—her ultimate resolve, the truth, and her affection for the lord of Niṣadha (Nala)—

Words meanings summery:

• निशम्य (niśamya) - having heard, having perceived, having understood

• दमयन्त्याः (damayantyāḥ) - of Damayantī

• तत् (tat) - that, her

• करुणम् (karuṇam) - pitiful, compassionate, sad

• परिदेवितम् (paridevitam) - lament, wailing, sorrow

• निश्चयम् (niścayam) - resolve, certainty, determination

• परमम् (paramam) - supreme, ultimate, highest

• तत्यम् (tatyam) - truth, reality

• अनुरागम् (anurāgam) - affection, attachment, love

• च (ca) - and

• नैषधे (naiṣadhe) - referring to King Nala, the lord of Niṣadha (for the lord of Niṣadha, in Nala)

Words meanings and morphology

निशम्य (niśamya) - having heard, having perceived, having understood

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

root śam with upasarga ni, forming an absolutive suffix -ya

Prefix: ni

Root: śam (class 1)

दमयन्त्याः (damayantyāḥ) - of Damayantī

(proper noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of damayantī

damayantī - Damayantī (proper noun, name of a princess, wife of Nala)

तत् (tat) - that, her

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Agrees with 'karuṇam paridevitam'.

करुणम् (karuṇam) - pitiful, compassionate, sad

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of karuṇa

karuṇa - pitiful, compassionate, sad, pathetic

Note: Agrees with 'paridevitam'.

परिदेवितम् (paridevitam) - lament, wailing, sorrow

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of paridevita

paridevita - lament, wailing, sorrow, complaint

Past Passive Participle

root div (to lament, weep) with upasarga pari, used as a noun

Prefix: pari

Root: div (class 4)

निश्चयम् (niścayam) - resolve, certainty, determination

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of niścaya

niścaya - resolve, certainty, determination, firm decision

Root: ci (class 5)

परमम् (paramam) - supreme, ultimate, highest

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of parama

parama - supreme, ultimate, highest, greatest

Note: Agrees with 'niścayam'.

तत्यम् (tatyam) - truth, reality

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tatya

tatya - truth, reality, correctness

अनुरागम् (anurāgam) - affection, attachment, love

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of anurāga

anurāga - affection, attachment, love, redness

Prefix: anu

Root: rañj (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

नैषधे (naiṣadhe) - referring to King Nala, the lord of Niṣadha (for the lord of Niṣadha, in Nala)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of naiṣadha

naiṣadha - King Nala (as belonging to or lord of Niṣadha); relating to Niṣadha

derived from Niṣadha (kingdom/mountain) with the suffix -a (forming an adjective or patronymic)

Note: Refers to Nala, implying 'towards Nala' or 'in Nala'.