महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-259, verse-40

रावयामास लोकान्यत्तस्माद्रावण उच्यते ।
दशग्रीवः कामबलो देवानां भयमादधत् ॥४०॥

40. rāvayāmāsa lokānyattasmādrāvaṇa ucyate ,
daśagrīvaḥ kāmabalo devānāṁ bhayamādadhat.

40. rāvayāmāsa lokān yat tasmāt rāvaṇaḥ ucyate
daśagrīvaḥ kāmabalaḥ devānām bhayam ādadhat

40. Because he made the worlds cry out, he is called Rāvaṇa. That ten-headed one, whose strength is his desire, instilled fear in the gods.

40. מאחר שגרם לעולמות לבכות (רָאוַיַה), הוא נקרא רָאוַנַה. דַשַׁגְרִיוַה, בעל כוח כרצונו, הטיל פחד על האלים.

Words meanings summery:

• रावयामास (rāvayāmāsa) - he made cry out, he caused to roar

• लोकान् (lokān) - the worlds, people

• यत् (yat) - because, that which, since

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that

• रावणः (rāvaṇaḥ) - Rāvaṇa (the one who makes people cry out)

• उच्यते (ucyate) - he is called, it is said

• दशग्रीवः (daśagrīvaḥ) - ten-headed one (an epithet of Rāvaṇa)

• कामबलः (kāmabalaḥ) - whose strength is desire, powerful through desire

• देवानाम् (devānām) - of the gods

• भयम् (bhayam) - fear, dread

• आदधत् (ādadhat) - causing, inflicting, placing

Words meanings and morphology

रावयामास (rāvayāmāsa) - he made cry out, he caused to roar

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of rāvayāmāsa

Causative Periphrastic Perfect

From root ru (to cry, roar) + causative suffix ṇic + periphrastic perfect auxiliary āmāsa (from as).

Root: ru (class 2)

लोकान् (lokān) - the worlds, people

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of loka

loka - world, realm, people, community

यत् (yat) - because, that which, since

(indeclinable)

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that

(pronoun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Functions here as an indeclinable 'therefore'.

रावणः (rāvaṇaḥ) - Rāvaṇa (the one who makes people cry out)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāvaṇa

rāvaṇa - Rāvaṇa (proper noun); roaring, causing to roar

From root ru (to cry, roar) + suffix ana.

Root: ru (class 2)

उच्यते (ucyate) - he is called, it is said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (Laṭ) of vac

Present Passive

From root vac (to speak), undergoes v -> u before certain suffixes.

Root: vac (class 2)

दशग्रीवः (daśagrīvaḥ) - ten-headed one (an epithet of Rāvaṇa)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of daśagrīva

daśagrīva - having ten necks/heads

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (daśa+grīva)

• daśa – ten
  indeclinable
• grīva – neck, throat
  noun (masculine)

कामबलः (kāmabalaḥ) - whose strength is desire, powerful through desire

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāmabala

kāmabala - having desire as strength, powerful due to desire

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kāma+bala)

• kāma – desire, wish, love
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kam (class 1)
• bala – strength, power, force
  noun (neuter)
  Root: bal (class 1)

देवानाम् (devānām) - of the gods

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of deva

deva - god, deity, divine

Root: div (class 4)

भयम् (bhayam) - fear, dread

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bhaya

bhaya - fear, dread, terror

From root bhī (to fear).

Root: bhī (class 3)

आदधत् (ādadhat) - causing, inflicting, placing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhā

dhā - to place, put, hold, cause

Present Active Participle

From root dhā (to place, hold) with prefix ā.

Prefix: ā

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Adjectival use of a present participle, agreeing with daśagrīvaḥ.

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