महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-259, verse-15

जातस्पर्धास्ततस्ते तु तपसे धृतनिश्चयाः ।
ब्रह्माणं तोषयामासुर्घोरेण तपसा तदा ॥१५॥

15. jātaspardhāstataste tu tapase dhṛtaniścayāḥ ,
brahmāṇaṁ toṣayāmāsurghoreṇa tapasā tadā.

15. jātaspardhāḥ tataḥ te tu tapase dhṛtaniścayāḥ
brahmāṇam toṣayāmāsuḥ ghoreṇa tapasā tadā

15. Then, a rivalry arose among them, and they, determined to undertake asceticism (tapas), pleased Brahma at that time with fierce asceticism (tapas).

15. הם קינאו, ולכן התעקשו להקדיש את עצמם לתרגול לפיתוח כוחות נפש, ורצו אז את בְּרַהְמָה בתרגול קשה.

Words meanings summery:

• जातस्पर्धाः (jātaspardhāḥ) - A feeling of competition arose in them after seeing Kubera's prosperity. (rivalry having arisen, having become competitive)

• ततः (tataḥ) - After the rivalry arose (then, thereafter)

• ते (te) - Khara and his siblings (they)

• तु (tu) - Emphasizes the shift to their resolve for asceticism (but, indeed, however)

• तपसे (tapase) - For the purpose of practicing severe asceticism. (for asceticism (tapas), for penance)

• धृतनिश्चयाः (dhṛtaniścayāḥ) - They made a firm decision to perform asceticism. (having firm resolve, determined, decided)

• ब्रह्माणम् (brahmāṇam) - Brahma (the creator god)

• तोषयामासुः (toṣayāmāsuḥ) - They caused Brahma to be pleased. (they pleased (causative))

• घोरेण (ghoreṇa) - Describing the severity of their asceticism. (by terrible, by fierce, by dreadful)

• तपसा (tapasā) - The means by which they pleased Brahma. (by asceticism (tapas), by penance)

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

Words meanings and morphology

जातस्पर्धाः (jātaspardhāḥ) - A feeling of competition arose in them after seeing Kubera's prosperity. (rivalry having arisen, having become competitive)

(compound adjective)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (jāta+spardhā)

• jāta – born, produced, arisen
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root jan (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)
• spardhā – rivalry, competition, emulation
  noun (feminine)

Note: Refers to the group of Khara and his siblings.

ततः (tataḥ) - After the rivalry arose (then, thereafter)

(indeclinable)

ते (te) - Khara and his siblings (they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

तु (tu) - Emphasizes the shift to their resolve for asceticism (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

तपसे (tapase) - For the purpose of practicing severe asceticism. (for asceticism (tapas), for penance)

(noun)

Dative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - asceticism (tapas), penance, heat, spiritual fervor

धृतनिश्चयाः (dhṛtaniścayāḥ) - They made a firm decision to perform asceticism. (having firm resolve, determined, decided)

(compound adjective)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dhṛta+niścaya)

• dhṛta – held, firm, fixed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root dhṛ (to hold, support)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• niścaya – resolve, determination, decision
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to the group of Khara and his siblings.

ब्रह्माणम् (brahmāṇam) - Brahma (the creator god)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of brahman

brahman - Brahma (the creator god), prayer, sacred word

तोषयामासुः (toṣayāmāsuḥ) - They caused Brahma to be pleased. (they pleased (causative))

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of tuṣ

Causative Perfect Active Third Plural

From root tuṣ (to be pleased), causative stem toṣaya-

Root: tuṣ (class 4)

Note: Causative perfect form of tuṣ.

घोरेण (ghoreṇa) - Describing the severity of their asceticism. (by terrible, by fierce, by dreadful)

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of ghora

ghora - terrible, fierce, dreadful, intense

Note: Agrees with tapasā in neuter instrumental singular.

तपसा (tapasā) - The means by which they pleased Brahma. (by asceticism (tapas), by penance)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - asceticism (tapas), penance, heat, spiritual fervor

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

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