महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-259, verse-17

अधःशायी कुम्भकर्णो यताहारो यतव्रतः ।
विभीषणः शीर्णपर्णमेकमभ्यवहारयत् ॥१७॥

17. adhaḥśāyī kumbhakarṇo yatāhāro yatavrataḥ ,
vibhīṣaṇaḥ śīrṇaparṇamekamabhyavahārayat.

17. adhaḥśāyī kumbhakarṇaḥ yatāhāraḥ yatavrataḥ
vibhīṣaṇaḥ śīrṇaparṇam ekam abhyavahārayat

17. Kumbhakarṇa slept on the ground, having controlled his diet and observed strict vows. Vibhīṣaṇa subsisted on a single withered leaf.

Words meanings summery:

• अधःशायी (adhaḥśāyī) - one who sleeps on the ground

• कुम्भकर्णः (kumbhakarṇaḥ) - Kumbhakarṇa

• यताहारः (yatāhāraḥ) - one whose diet is controlled

• यतव्रतः (yatavrataḥ) - one who has controlled his vows/observances

• विभीषणः (vibhīṣaṇaḥ) - Vibhīṣaṇa

• शीर्णपर्णम् (śīrṇaparṇam) - a withered leaf

• एकम् (ekam) - one, a single

• अभ्यवहारयत् (abhyavahārayat) - consumed, ate (caused to eat for oneself)

Words meanings and morphology

अधःशायी (adhaḥśāyī) - one who sleeps on the ground

(participle adjective)

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (adhaḥ+śāyin)

• adhaḥ – below, downwards
  indeclinable
• śāyin – lying, sleeping
  participle adjective (masculine)
  Present Active Participle
  From root śī (to lie down), with agent suffix -in.
  Root: śī (class 2)

Note: Acts as a substantive (noun).

कुम्भकर्णः (kumbhakarṇaḥ) - Kumbhakarṇa

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kumbhakarṇa

kumbhakarṇa - pot-eared (proper name of Rāvaṇa's brother)

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (kumbha+karṇa)

• kumbha – pot, pitcher
  noun (masculine)
• karṇa – ear
  noun (masculine)

यताहारः (yatāhāraḥ) - one whose diet is controlled

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yatāhāra

yatāhāra - one who has controlled his diet

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (yata+āhāra)

• yata – controlled, restrained
  participle adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root yam (to restrain, control).
  Root: yam (class 1)
• āhāra – food, diet, taking
  noun (masculine)
  From root hṛ with prefix ā.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: hṛ (class 1)

यतव्रतः (yatavrataḥ) - one who has controlled his vows/observances

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yatavrata

yatavrata - one who has controlled his vows or religious observances

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (yata+vrata)

• yata – controlled, restrained
  participle adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root yam (to restrain, control).
  Root: yam (class 1)
• vrata – vow, religious observance, sacred duty
  noun (neuter)

विभीषणः (vibhīṣaṇaḥ) - Vibhīṣaṇa

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vibhīṣaṇa

vibhīṣaṇa - terrifying, frightful (proper name of Rāvaṇa's brother)

Root: bhīṣ (class 3)

शीर्णपर्णम् (śīrṇaparṇam) - a withered leaf

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śīrṇaparṇa

śīrṇaparṇa - withered leaf, fallen leaf

Compound type : Karmadhāraya Tatpuruṣa (śīrṇa+parṇa)

• śīrṇa – withered, fallen, torn
  participle adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root śṝ (to tear, break, wither).
  Root: śṝ (class 9)
• parṇa – leaf, feather
  noun (neuter)

एकम् (ekam) - one, a single

(numeral adjective)

Note: Agrees with śīrṇaparṇam.

अभ्यवहारयत् (abhyavahārayat) - consumed, ate (caused to eat for oneself)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Past Imperfect (Causative) (laṅ) of hṛ

Past Imperfect (Causative)

Root hṛ (to carry) with prefixes abhi and ava, in the causative (-āya) stem, 3rd person singular, Parasmaipada, Past Imperfect (laṅ).

Prefixes: abhi+ava

Root: hṛ (class 1)