महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-259, verse-40

रावयामास लोकान्यत्तस्माद्रावण उच्यते ।
दशग्रीवः कामबलो देवानां भयमादधत् ॥४०॥

40. rāvayāmāsa lokānyattasmādrāvaṇa ucyate ,
daśagrīvaḥ kāmabalo devānāṁ bhayamādadhat.

40. rāvayāmāsa lokān yat tasmāt rāvaṇaḥ ucyate
daśagrīvaḥ kāmabalaḥ devānām bhayam ādadhat

40. Because he made the worlds cry out, he is called Rāvaṇa. That ten-headed one, whose strength is his desire, instilled fear in the gods.

Words meanings summery:

• रावयामास (rāvayāmāsa) - he made cry out, he caused to roar

• लोकान् (lokān) - the worlds, people

• यत् (yat) - because, that which, since

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that

• रावणः (rāvaṇaḥ) - Rāvaṇa (the one who makes people cry out)

• उच्यते (ucyate) - he is called, it is said

• दशग्रीवः (daśagrīvaḥ) - ten-headed one (an epithet of Rāvaṇa)

• कामबलः (kāmabalaḥ) - whose strength is desire, powerful through desire

• देवानाम् (devānām) - of the gods

• भयम् (bhayam) - fear, dread

• आदधत् (ādadhat) - causing, inflicting, placing

Words meanings and morphology

रावयामास (rāvayāmāsa) - he made cry out, he caused to roar

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of rāvayāmāsa

Causative Periphrastic Perfect

From root ru (to cry, roar) + causative suffix ṇic + periphrastic perfect auxiliary āmāsa (from as).

Root: ru (class 2)

लोकान् (lokān) - the worlds, people

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of loka

loka - world, realm, people, community

यत् (yat) - because, that which, since

(indeclinable)

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that

(pronoun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Functions here as an indeclinable 'therefore'.

रावणः (rāvaṇaḥ) - Rāvaṇa (the one who makes people cry out)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāvaṇa

rāvaṇa - Rāvaṇa (proper noun); roaring, causing to roar

From root ru (to cry, roar) + suffix ana.

Root: ru (class 2)

उच्यते (ucyate) - he is called, it is said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (Laṭ) of vac

Present Passive

From root vac (to speak), undergoes v -> u before certain suffixes.

Root: vac (class 2)

दशग्रीवः (daśagrīvaḥ) - ten-headed one (an epithet of Rāvaṇa)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of daśagrīva

daśagrīva - having ten necks/heads

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (daśa+grīva)

• daśa – ten
  indeclinable
• grīva – neck, throat
  noun (masculine)

कामबलः (kāmabalaḥ) - whose strength is desire, powerful through desire

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāmabala

kāmabala - having desire as strength, powerful due to desire

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kāma+bala)

• kāma – desire, wish, love
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kam (class 1)
• bala – strength, power, force
  noun (neuter)
  Root: bal (class 1)

देवानाम् (devānām) - of the gods

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of deva

deva - god, deity, divine

Root: div (class 4)

भयम् (bhayam) - fear, dread

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bhaya

bhaya - fear, dread, terror

From root bhī (to fear).

Root: bhī (class 3)

आदधत् (ādadhat) - causing, inflicting, placing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhā

dhā - to place, put, hold, cause

Present Active Participle

From root dhā (to place, hold) with prefix ā.

Prefix: ā

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Adjectival use of a present participle, agreeing with daśagrīvaḥ.