महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-195, verse-19

अर्णवं खानयामास कुवलाश्वो महीपतिः ।
कुवलाश्वस्य पुत्रैस्तु तस्मिन्वै वालुकार्णवे ॥१९॥

19. arṇavaṁ khānayāmāsa kuvalāśvo mahīpatiḥ ,
kuvalāśvasya putraistu tasminvai vālukārṇave.

19. arṇavaṃ khānayāmāsa kuvalāśvaḥ mahīpatiḥ
kuvalāśvasya putraiḥ tu tasmin vai vālukārṇave

19. King Kuvalāśva himself caused the ocean to be dug. And indeed, by Kuvalāśva's sons, in that sandy ocean...

Words meanings summery:

• अर्णवं (arṇavaṁ) - the ocean, the sea

• खानयामास (khānayāmāsa) - he caused to dig, he dug

• कुवलाश्वः (kuvalāśvaḥ) - Kuvalāśva

• महीपतिः (mahīpatiḥ) - Refers to Kuvalāśva. (king, lord of the earth)

• कुवलाश्वस्य (kuvalāśvasya) - of Kuvalāśva

• पुत्रैः (putraiḥ) - by sons

• तु (tu) - Connects the action of the sons to the preceding statement. (but, and, indeed)

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - Refers to the 'vālukārṇava'. (in that)

• वै (vai) - indeed, truly

• वालुकार्णवे (vālukārṇave) - Refers to the desert area that was being dug. (in the sand-ocean, in the sandy region)

Words meanings and morphology

अर्णवं (arṇavaṁ) - the ocean, the sea

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of arṇava

arṇava - ocean, sea, flood

खानयामास (khānayāmāsa) - he caused to dig, he dug

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of khānayāmāsa

Periphrastic Perfect (Lit-lakāra), causative form

3rd person singular, derived from root √khan (to dig) in causative form. The perfect is formed with ām and the auxiliary verb as (to be).

Root: √khan (class 1)

कुवलाश्वः (kuvalāśvaḥ) - Kuvalāśva

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kuvalāśva

kuvalāśva - Name of a king

Note: Subject of the verb 'khānayāmāsa'.

महीपतिः (mahīpatiḥ) - Refers to Kuvalāśva. (king, lord of the earth)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahīpati

mahīpati - king, lord of the earth

Compound of mahī (earth) and pati (lord).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mahī+pati)

• mahī – earth, land
  noun (feminine)
• pati – lord, master, husband
  noun (masculine)

कुवलाश्वस्य (kuvalāśvasya) - of Kuvalāśva

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kuvalāśva

kuvalāśva - Name of a king

Note: Possessive, modifies 'putraiḥ'.

पुत्रैः (putraiḥ) - by sons

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of putra

putra - son

तु (tu) - Connects the action of the sons to the preceding statement. (but, and, indeed)

(indeclinable)

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - Refers to the 'vālukārṇava'. (in that)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Agrees with 'vālukārṇave'.

वै (vai) - indeed, truly

(indeclinable)

वालुकार्णवे (vālukārṇave) - Refers to the desert area that was being dug. (in the sand-ocean, in the sandy region)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of vālukārṇava

vālukārṇava - sand-ocean, sandy sea, desert

Compound of vāluka (sand) and arṇava (ocean).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (vāluka+arṇava)

• vāluka – sand
  noun (neuter)
• arṇava – ocean, sea
  noun (masculine)