महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-16, chapter-9, verse-28

रथस्य पुरतो याति यः स चक्रगदाधरः ।
तव स्नेहात्पुराणर्षिर्वासुदेवश्चतुर्भुजः ॥२८॥

28. rathasya purato yāti yaḥ sa cakragadādharaḥ ,
tava snehātpurāṇarṣirvāsudevaścaturbhujaḥ.

28. rathasya purataḥ yāti yaḥ saḥ cakragadādharaḥ
tava snehāt purāṇarṣiḥ vāsudevaḥ caturbhujaḥ

28. yaḥ saḥ rathasya purataḥ yāti (saḥ) tava snehāt
cakragadādharaḥ purāṇarṣiḥ vāsudevaḥ caturbhujaḥ

28. He who goes in front of your chariot, out of affection for you, is that Vāsudeva, the wielder of the discus and mace, the ancient sage, the four-armed one.

Words meanings summery:

• रथस्य (rathasya) - of the chariot

• पुरतः (purataḥ) - in front of, before

• याति (yāti) - goes, proceeds

• यः (yaḥ) - who (masculine singular)

• सः (saḥ) - that one, he

• चक्रगदाधरः (cakragadādharaḥ) - wielder of the discus and mace (epithet of Viṣṇu/Kṛṣṇa)

• तव (tava) - your (Arjuna's) (your (singular))

• स्नेहात् (snehāt) - out of affection, from love

• पुराणर्षिः (purāṇarṣiḥ) - the ancient sage (Kṛṣṇa/Viṣṇu) (the ancient sage)

• वासुदेवः (vāsudevaḥ) - Vāsudeva (Kṛṣṇa)

• चतुर्भुजः (caturbhujaḥ) - four-armed (epithet of Viṣṇu/Kṛṣṇa)

Words meanings and morphology

रथस्य (rathasya) - of the chariot

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

Note: Possessive, modifies "purataḥ".

पुरतः (purataḥ) - in front of, before

(indeclinable)

Adverb derived from pura (front) + tas suffix

Note: Adverbial use.

याति (yāti) - goes, proceeds

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of yā

Present tense, 3rd person singular

Root √yā (2nd class), present indicative, parasmaipada, 3rd singular

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Main verb of the relative clause.

यः (yaḥ) - who (masculine singular)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Relative pronoun

Note: Subject of the relative clause.

सः (saḥ) - that one, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he

Demonstrative pronoun, coreferential with 'yaḥ'

Note: Subject of the main clause, referring to Kṛṣṇa.

चक्रगदाधरः (cakragadādharaḥ) - wielder of the discus and mace (epithet of Viṣṇu/Kṛṣṇa)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of cakragadādhara

cakragadādhara - bearing discus and mace (an epithet of Viṣṇu/Kṛṣṇa)

Compound: cakra (discus) + gadā (mace) + dhara (bearer)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (cakra+gadā+dhara)

• cakra – discus, wheel
  noun (neuter)
• gadā – mace, club
  noun (feminine)
• dhara – bearer, holder, wearing
  adjective (masculine)
  From root √dhṛ (to bear)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Epithet of Vāsudeva.

तव (tava) - your (Arjuna's) (your (singular))

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Pronominal base for 'you'

Note: Refers to Arjuna.

स्नेहात् (snehāt) - out of affection, from love

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of sneha

sneha - affection, love, tenderness

Note: Indicates the reason for Kṛṣṇa's action.

पुराणर्षिः (purāṇarṣiḥ) - the ancient sage (Kṛṣṇa/Viṣṇu) (the ancient sage)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of purāṇarṣi

purāṇarṣi - ancient sage

Compound: purāṇa (ancient) + ṛṣi (sage)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (purāṇa+ṛṣi)

• purāṇa – ancient, old
  adjective (masculine)
• ṛṣi – sage, seer
  noun (masculine)

Note: Predicative for "saḥ" (Kṛṣṇa).

वासुदेवः (vāsudevaḥ) - Vāsudeva (Kṛṣṇa)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vāsudeva

vāsudeva - Vāsudeva (Kṛṣṇa, son of Vasudeva)

Patronymic from Vasudeva

Note: Predicative for "saḥ".

चतुर्भुजः (caturbhujaḥ) - four-armed (epithet of Viṣṇu/Kṛṣṇa)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of caturbhuja

caturbhuja - four-armed (epithet of Viṣṇu/Kṛṣṇa)

Compound: catur (four) + bhuja (arm)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (catur+bhuja)

• catur – four
  numeral
• bhuja – arm, hand
  noun (masculine)

Note: Epithet of Vāsudeva.