महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-15, chapter-33, verse-36

यदन्नो हि नरो राजंस्तदन्नोऽस्यातिथिः स्मृतः ।
इत्युक्तः स तथेत्येव प्राह धर्मात्मजो नृपम् ।
फलं मूलं च बुभुजे राज्ञा दत्तं सहानुजः ॥३६॥

36. yadanno hi naro rājaṁstadanno'syātithiḥ smṛtaḥ ,
ityuktaḥ sa tathetyeva prāha dharmātmajo nṛpam ,
phalaṁ mūlaṁ ca bubhuje rājñā dattaṁ sahānujaḥ.

36. yat annaḥ hi naraḥ rājan tat annaḥ asya
atithiḥ smṛtaḥ iti uktaḥ saḥ tathā iti
eva prāha dharma ātmajaḥ nṛpam phalam
mūlam ca bubhuje rājñā dattam saha anujaḥ

36. rājan hi yat annaḥ naraḥ tat annaḥ asya
atithiḥ smṛtaḥ iti uktaḥ saḥ dharma
ātmajaḥ nṛpam tathā iti eva prāha saha
anujaḥ rājñā dattam phalam mūlam ca bubhuje

36. "Indeed, O King, a man's guest is understood to partake of the same food (anna) as his host." Thus addressed, Yudhishthira, the son of (dharma), replied to the king, saying, "So be it." Then, along with his younger brothers, he consumed the fruits and roots offered by the king.

Words meanings summery:

• यत् (yat) - whatever (food) (which, what, whatever)

• अन्नः (annaḥ) - food, cooked rice

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because

• नरः (naraḥ) - a person, a host (man, human being)

• राजन् (rājan) - O king, ruler

• तत् (tat) - that same (food) (that, it)

• अन्नः (annaḥ) - food, cooked rice

• अस्य (asya) - of the host (of him, of it, his)

• अतिथिः (atithiḥ) - guest, stranger

• स्मृतः (smṛtaḥ) - remembered, called, considered

• इति (iti) - introduces a quote (thus, in this manner, saying)

• उक्तः (uktaḥ) - spoken, said, addressed

• सः (saḥ) - Yudhishthira (he, that)

• तथा (tathā) - "so be it", "it is so" (so, thus, in that way)

• इति (iti) - introduces a quote (thus, in this manner, saying)

• एव (eva) - indeed, just, only

• प्राह (prāha) - he said, he spoke

• धर्म (dharma) - (son of the deity) Dharma (constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty)

• आत्मजः (ātmajaḥ) - Yudhishthira, son (born of oneself, son, offspring)

• नृपम् (nṛpam) - king, ruler

• फलम् (phalam) - edible fruits (fruit, result, reward)

• मूलम् (mūlam) - edible roots, tubers (root, origin, foundation)

• च (ca) - and, also

• बुभुजे (bubhuje) - he ate, he consumed (he enjoyed, he ate, he consumed)

• राज्ञा (rājñā) - by the king, by the ruler

• दत्तम् (dattam) - given, offered

• सह (saha) - with, accompanied by

• अनुजः (anujaḥ) - his (Yudhishthira's) younger brothers (younger brother, born after)

Words meanings and morphology

यत् (yat) - whatever (food) (which, what, whatever)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what

अन्नः (annaḥ) - food, cooked rice

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anna

anna - food, grain, cooked rice

past passive participle

from root ad (to eat)

Root: ad (class 2)

Note: Used adjectivally in compounds with 'tat' and 'yat'.

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because

(indeclinable)

नरः (naraḥ) - a person, a host (man, human being)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nara

nara - man, human being, person

राजन् (rājan) - O king, ruler

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

तत् (tat) - that same (food) (that, it)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Used adjectivally to refer to 'anna'.

अन्नः (annaḥ) - food, cooked rice

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anna

anna - food, grain, cooked rice

past passive participle

from root ad (to eat)

Root: ad (class 2)

Note: Used adjectivally in compounds with 'tat' and 'yat'.

अस्य (asya) - of the host (of him, of it, his)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, it

Note: Refers to 'naraḥ'.

अतिथिः (atithiḥ) - guest, stranger

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of atithi

atithi - guest, stranger, visitor

स्मृतः (smṛtaḥ) - remembered, called, considered

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of smṛta

smṛta - remembered, thought of, mentioned

past passive participle

from root smṛ

Root: smṛ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'atithiḥ'.

इति (iti) - introduces a quote (thus, in this manner, saying)

(indeclinable)

उक्तः (uktaḥ) - spoken, said, addressed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ukta

ukta - spoken, said, told

past passive participle

from root vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'saḥ'.

सः (saḥ) - Yudhishthira (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it

Note: Refers to Yudhishthira.

तथा (tathā) - "so be it", "it is so" (so, thus, in that way)

(indeclinable)

इति (iti) - introduces a quote (thus, in this manner, saying)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, just, only

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes 'tathā'.

प्राह (prāha) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of pra-ah

perfect tense

third person singular, active voice

Prefix: pra

Root: ah (class 2)

धर्म (dharma) - (son of the deity) Dharma (constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: First part of the compound `dharmātmajaḥ`.

आत्मजः (ātmajaḥ) - Yudhishthira, son (born of oneself, son, offspring)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ātmaja

ātmaja - born of oneself, son, offspring

compound of ātman and ja

Compound type : tatpurusha (ātman+ja)

• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essential nature
  noun (masculine)
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective (masculine)
  from root jan
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Refers to Yudhishthira. Forms a compound `dharmātmajaḥ`.

नृपम् (nṛpam) - king, ruler

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, ruler, protector of men

compound of nṛ (man) and pa (protector)

Compound type : tatpurusha (nṛ+pa)

• nṛ – man, person
  noun (masculine)
• pa – protector, guardian
  noun (masculine)
  from root pā (to protect)
  Root: pā (class 2)

फलम् (phalam) - edible fruits (fruit, result, reward)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of phala

phala - fruit, result, reward

Note: Object of `bubhuje`.

मूलम् (mūlam) - edible roots, tubers (root, origin, foundation)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mūla

mūla - root, origin, foundation

Note: Object of `bubhuje`.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'phalam' and 'mūlam'.

बुभुजे (bubhuje) - he ate, he consumed (he enjoyed, he ate, he consumed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past perfect (lit) of bhuj

perfect tense

third person singular, middle voice

Root: bhuj (class 7)

Note: The subject is `saḥ` (Yudhishthira).

राज्ञा (rājñā) - by the king, by the ruler

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Agent for `dattam`.

दत्तम् (dattam) - given, offered

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of datta

datta - given, granted, offered

past passive participle

from root dā (to give)

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Qualifies 'phalam' and 'mūlam'.

सह (saha) - with, accompanied by

(indeclinable)

Note: Used with instrumental or as first part of compound.

अनुजः (anujaḥ) - his (Yudhishthira's) younger brothers (younger brother, born after)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anuja

anuja - younger brother, born after

compound of anu and ja

Compound type : tatpurusha (anu+ja)

• anu – after, along, following
  indeclinable
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective (masculine)
  from root jan
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Here `saha` + `anujaḥ` means 'with younger brothers' (as plural is implied).