महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-15, chapter-33, verse-18

दूरादालक्षितः क्षत्ता तत्राख्यातो महीपतेः ।
निवर्तमानः सहसा जनं दृष्ट्वाश्रमं प्रति ॥१८॥

18. dūrādālakṣitaḥ kṣattā tatrākhyāto mahīpateḥ ,
nivartamānaḥ sahasā janaṁ dṛṣṭvāśramaṁ prati.

18. dūrāt ālakṣitaḥ kṣattā tatra ākhyātaḥ mahīpateḥ
nivartamānaḥ sahasā janam dṛṣṭvā āśramam prati

18. dūrāt ālakṣitaḥ kṣattā tatra mahīpateḥ ākhyātaḥ.
sahasā āśramam prati janam dṛṣṭvā nivartamānaḥ (abhavat).

18. The chamberlain (Kṣattā), seen from afar, was announced there to the king. Suddenly, upon seeing people approaching the hermitage (āśrama), he turned back.

Words meanings summery:

• दूरात् (dūrāt) - from afar, from a distance

• आलक्षितः (ālakṣitaḥ) - seen, observed, noticed

• क्षत्ता (kṣattā) - Referring to Vidura, who held the position of chamberlain. (chamberlain, charioteer)

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

• आख्यातः (ākhyātaḥ) - announced, told, made known

• महीपतेः (mahīpateḥ) - Implied dative: 'to' the king. (of the king, to the king)

• निवर्तमानः (nivartamānaḥ) - Vidura turning back. (turning back, returning, refraining)

• सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, quickly, by force

• जनम् (janam) - Other people approaching the hermitage. (people, person, mankind)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, seeing

• आश्रमम् (āśramam) - hermitage, retreat (āśrama)

• प्रति (prati) - As a postposition indicating direction. (towards, to, against)

Words meanings and morphology

दूरात् (dūrāt) - from afar, from a distance

(indeclinable)

Ablative form used as an adverb.

आलक्षितः (ālakṣitaḥ) - seen, observed, noticed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ālakṣita

ālakṣita - seen, observed, perceived

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root lakṣ (to perceive) with prefix ā

Prefix: ā

Root: lakṣ (class 1)

क्षत्ता (kṣattā) - Referring to Vidura, who held the position of chamberlain. (chamberlain, charioteer)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣattṛ

kṣattṛ - chamberlain, charioteer, door-keeper

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

(indeclinable)

आख्यातः (ākhyātaḥ) - announced, told, made known

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ākhyāta

ākhyāta - announced, told, described

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root khyā (to tell) with prefix ā

Prefix: ā

Root: khyā (class 2)

महीपतेः (mahīpateḥ) - Implied dative: 'to' the king. (of the king, to the king)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of mahīpati

mahīpati - lord of the earth, king

Compound type : tatpurusha (mahī+pati)

• mahī – earth, land
  noun (feminine)
• pati – lord, master, husband
  noun (masculine)

निवर्तमानः (nivartamānaḥ) - Vidura turning back. (turning back, returning, refraining)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nivartamāna

nivartamāna - turning back, returning, refraining, desisting

Present Middle Participle

Derived from root vṛt (to turn) with prefix ni

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, quickly, by force

(indeclinable)

जनम् (janam) - Other people approaching the hermitage. (people, person, mankind)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of jana

jana - people, man, creature, family

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, seeing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root dṛś (to see)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

आश्रमम् (āśramam) - hermitage, retreat (āśrama)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āśrama

āśrama - hermitage, monastic retreat, stage of life

प्रति (prati) - As a postposition indicating direction. (towards, to, against)

(indeclinable)