महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-17, verse-9

यदायमतिकष्टानि सर्वाण्युपनिषेवते ।
अत्यर्थमपि वा भुङ्क्ते न वा भुङ्क्ते कदाचन ॥९॥

9. yadāyamatikaṣṭāni sarvāṇyupaniṣevate ,
atyarthamapi vā bhuṅkte na vā bhuṅkte kadācana.

9. yadā ayam atikaṣṭāni sarvāṇi upaniṣevate
atyartham api vā bhuṅkte na vā bhuṅkte kadācana

9. yadā ayam sarvāṇi atikaṣṭāni upaniṣevate vā
api atyartham bhuṅkte vā na kadācana bhuṅkte

9. When this person continually engages in all extremely distressing actions, or eats excessively, or does not eat at all.

Words meanings summery:

• यदा (yadā) - when

• अयम् (ayam) - this (person)

• अतिकष्टानि (atikaṣṭāni) - extremely difficult, very distressing things

• सर्वाणि (sarvāṇi) - all

• उपनिषेवते (upaniṣevate) - he engages in, continually serves, practices

• अत्यर्थम् (atyartham) - excessively, too much

• अपि (api) - even, also

• वा (vā) - or

• भुङ्क्ते (bhuṅkte) - he eats, enjoys, consumes

• न (na) - not

• वा (vā) - or

• भुङ्क्ते (bhuṅkte) - he eats, enjoys, consumes

• कदाचन (kadācana) - ever, at any time

Words meanings and morphology

यदा (yadā) - when

(indeclinable)

अयम् (ayam) - this (person)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

अतिकष्टानि (atikaṣṭāni) - extremely difficult, very distressing things

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, plural of atikaṣṭa

atikaṣṭa - very difficult, extremely painful, greatly distressed

Compound: ati (excessive) + kaṣṭa (difficult, painful).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (ati+kaṣṭa)

• ati – over, beyond, excessive, very
  indeclinable
  Prefix.
• kaṣṭa – difficult, painful, miserable, bad
  adjective (neuter)
  From root kaṣ (to torment).
  Root: kaṣ (class 1)

सर्वाणि (sarvāṇi) - all

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

उपनिषेवते (upaniṣevate) - he engages in, continually serves, practices

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of sev

Present Middle

From root √sev (to serve, attend) with prefixes upa + ni.

Prefixes: upa+ni

Root: sev (class 1)

अत्यर्थम् (atyartham) - excessively, too much

(indeclinable)

Compound: ati (excessive) + artha (purpose, value). Functions adverbially here.

Compound type : avyayībhāva (ati+artha)

• ati – over, beyond, excessive, very
  indeclinable
  Prefix.
• artha – meaning, purpose, object, wealth, value
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ṛ

Note: Functions as an adverb here.

अपि (api) - even, also

(indeclinable)

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

भुङ्क्ते (bhuṅkte) - he eats, enjoys, consumes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of bhuj

Present Middle

From root √bhuj (to enjoy, eat).

Root: bhuj (class 7)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

भुङ्क्ते (bhuṅkte) - he eats, enjoys, consumes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of bhuj

Present Middle

From root √bhuj (to enjoy, eat).

Root: bhuj (class 7)

कदाचन (kadācana) - ever, at any time

(indeclinable)

Formed from kadā (when) + cana (emphatic particle).