महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-17, verse-2

काश्यप उवाच ।
कथं शरीरं च्यवते कथं चैवोपपद्यते ।
कथं कष्टाच्च संसारात्संसरन्परिमुच्यते ॥२॥

2. kāśyapa uvāca ,
kathaṁ śarīraṁ cyavate kathaṁ caivopapadyate ,
kathaṁ kaṣṭācca saṁsārātsaṁsaranparimucyate.

2. kāśyapaḥ uvāca | kathaṃ śarīraṃ cyavate kathaṃ ca eva
upapadyate | kathaṃ kaṣṭāt ca saṃsārāt saṃsaran parimucyate

2. kāśyapaḥ uvāca śarīraṃ kathaṃ cyavate ca eva kathaṃ
upapadyate ca kaṣṭāt saṃsārāt saṃsaran kathaṃ parimucyate

2. Kaśyapa said, "How does the body perish, and how does it come into being again? How does a person become liberated while transmigrating through the painful cycle of repeated births and deaths (saṃsāra)?"

Words meanings summery:

• काश्यपः (kāśyapaḥ) - Kaśyapa

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• शरीरम् (śarīram) - body

• च्यवते (cyavate) - falls away, perishes, departs

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• च (ca) - and, also

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly

• उपपद्यते (upapadyate) - comes into being, is reborn, happens

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• कष्टात् (kaṣṭāt) - from suffering, from difficulty

• च (ca) - and, also

• संसारात् (saṁsārāt) - from the cycle of transmigration, from worldly existence

• संसरन् (saṁsaran) - transmigrating, wandering through

• परिमुच्यते (parimucyate) - is liberated, freed

Words meanings and morphology

काश्यपः (kāśyapaḥ) - Kaśyapa

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāśyapa

kāśyapa - Kaśyapa (name of an ancient sage)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

शरीरम् (śarīram) - body

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śarīra

śarīra - body, corporeal frame

च्यवते (cyavate) - falls away, perishes, departs

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of cyu

Root: cyu (class 1)

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

उपपद्यते (upapadyate) - comes into being, is reborn, happens

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of upapad

root pad- with prefix upa-

Prefix: upa

Root: pad (class 4)

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

कष्टात् (kaṣṭāt) - from suffering, from difficulty

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of kaṣṭa

kaṣṭa - difficult, painful, suffering, misery

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

संसारात् (saṁsārāt) - from the cycle of transmigration, from worldly existence

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of saṃsāra

saṁsāra - transmigration, cycle of birth and death, worldly existence

संसरन् (saṁsaran) - transmigrating, wandering through

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃsṛ

saṁsṛ - to wander, to flow, to transmigrate

present active participle

From root sṛ- (to flow, go) with prefix sam-

Prefix: sam

Root: sṛ (class 1)

Note: Present active participle acting as adjective.

परिमुच्यते (parimucyate) - is liberated, freed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of parimuc

root muc- (to free) with prefix pari-

Prefix: pari

Root: muc (class 6)