महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-17, verse-14

तस्य तैः कारणैर्जन्तोः शरीराच्च्यवते यथा ।
जीवितं प्रोच्यमानं तद्यथावदुपधारय ॥१४॥

14. tasya taiḥ kāraṇairjantoḥ śarīrāccyavate yathā ,
jīvitaṁ procyamānaṁ tadyathāvadupadhāraya.

14. tasya taiḥ kāraṇaiḥ jantoḥ śarīrāt cyavate yathā
jīvitam procyamānam tat yathāvat upadhāraya

14. upadhāraya tat jīvitam procyamānam yathāvat
yathā tasya jantoḥ taiḥ kāraṇaiḥ śarīrāt cyavate

14. Understand properly, as it is being explained, how the life of a being departs from the body due to those reasons.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्य (tasya) - of him, his, its

• तैः (taiḥ) - by those, with those

• कारणैः (kāraṇaiḥ) - by causes, by reasons, by instruments

• जन्तोः (jantoḥ) - of a creature, of a living being

• शरीरात् (śarīrāt) - from the body

• च्यवते (cyavate) - falls away, departs, is lost

• यथा (yathā) - as, just as, according to

• जीवितम् (jīvitam) - life, living, existence

• प्रोच्यमानम् (procyamānam) - being spoken of, being declared, being explained

• तत् (tat) - Refers to 'jīvitam procyamānam'. (that)

• यथावत् (yathāvat) - properly, truly, exactly, according to truth

• उपधारय (upadhāraya) - understand, grasp, pay attention, comprehend

Words meanings and morphology

तस्य (tasya) - of him, his, its

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Can be masculine or neuter genitive singular. Here context suggests 'of the creature'.

तैः (taiḥ) - by those, with those

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to kāraṇaiḥ.

कारणैः (kāraṇaiḥ) - by causes, by reasons, by instruments

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of kāraṇa

kāraṇa - cause, reason, instrument, motive

From root kṛ (to do) + -ana suffix.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

जन्तोः (jantoḥ) - of a creature, of a living being

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of jantu

jantu - creature, living being, person

From root jan (to be born).

Root: jan (class 4)

शरीरात् (śarīrāt) - from the body

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of śarīra

śarīra - body, form, frame

Root: śṝ (class 9)

च्यवते (cyavate) - falls away, departs, is lost

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of cyu

Present middle third singular.

Root: cyu (class 1)

यथा (yathā) - as, just as, according to

(indeclinable)

जीवितम् (jīvitam) - life, living, existence

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of jīvita

jīvita - life, living, livelihood

Past Passive Participle

From root jīv (to live) + -ta suffix, substantivized.

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Object of upadhāraya.

प्रोच्यमानम् (procyamānam) - being spoken of, being declared, being explained

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of procyamāna

procyamāna - being said, being declared, being described

Present Passive Participle

From prefix pra- + root vac (to speak) with samprasāraṇa (va→u) in passive formation + śānac suffix.

Prefix: pra

Root: vac (class 2)

तत् (tat) - Refers to 'jīvitam procyamānam'. (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Functions as a demonstrative pronoun here, referring back to the 'life that is being explained'.

यथावत् (yathāvat) - properly, truly, exactly, according to truth

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form of yathāvat (possessing yathā).

Note: Qualifies upadhāraya.

उपधारय (upadhāraya) - understand, grasp, pay attention, comprehend

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of upadhā

Imperative active second singular. Root dhā with prefix upa-.

Prefix: upa

Root: dhā (class 3)